yaml-cpp

gtest_unittest.cc (249846B)

---

 // Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
 // All rights reserved.
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 // met:
 //
 //     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 //     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 // distribution.
 //     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 // this software without specific prior written permission.
 //
 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
 //
 // Tests for Google Test itself.  This verifies that the basic constructs of
 // Google Test work.
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 // Verifies that the command line flag variables can be accessed in
 // code once "gtest.h" has been #included.
 // Do not move it after other gtest #includes.
 TEST(CommandLineFlagsTest, CanBeAccessedInCodeOnceGTestHIsIncluded) {
   bool dummy = testing::GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions)
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(color) != "unknown"
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(filter) != "unknown"
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(output) != "unknown"
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(print_time)
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(repeat) > 0
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(show_internal_stack_frames)
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) > 0
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) != "unknown"
       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure);
   EXPECT_TRUE(dummy || !dummy);  // Suppresses warning that dummy is unused.
 }
 
 #include <limits.h>  // For INT_MAX.
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
 #include <map>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace internal {
 
 #if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 
 class StreamingListenerTest : public Test {
  public:
   class FakeSocketWriter : public StreamingListener::AbstractSocketWriter {
    public:
     // Sends a string to the socket.
     void Send(const std::string& message) override { output_ += message; }
 
     std::string output_;
   };
 
   StreamingListenerTest()
       : fake_sock_writer_(new FakeSocketWriter),
         streamer_(fake_sock_writer_),
         test_info_obj_("FooTest", "Bar", nullptr, nullptr,
                        CodeLocation(__FILE__, __LINE__), nullptr, nullptr) {}
 
  protected:
   std::string* output() { return &(fake_sock_writer_->output_); }
 
   FakeSocketWriter* const fake_sock_writer_;
   StreamingListener streamer_;
   UnitTest unit_test_;
   TestInfo test_info_obj_;  // The name test_info_ was taken by testing::Test.
 };
 
 TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestProgramEnd) {
   *output() = "";
   streamer_.OnTestProgramEnd(unit_test_);
   EXPECT_EQ("event=TestProgramEnd&passed=1\n", *output());
 }
 
 TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestIterationEnd) {
   *output() = "";
   streamer_.OnTestIterationEnd(unit_test_, 42);
   EXPECT_EQ("event=TestIterationEnd&passed=1&elapsed_time=0ms\n", *output());
 }
 
 TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestCaseStart) {
   *output() = "";
   streamer_.OnTestCaseStart(TestCase("FooTest", "Bar", nullptr, nullptr));
   EXPECT_EQ("event=TestCaseStart&name=FooTest\n", *output());
 }
 
 TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestCaseEnd) {
   *output() = "";
   streamer_.OnTestCaseEnd(TestCase("FooTest", "Bar", nullptr, nullptr));
   EXPECT_EQ("event=TestCaseEnd&passed=1&elapsed_time=0ms\n", *output());
 }
 
 TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestStart) {
   *output() = "";
   streamer_.OnTestStart(test_info_obj_);
   EXPECT_EQ("event=TestStart&name=Bar\n", *output());
 }
 
 TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestEnd) {
   *output() = "";
   streamer_.OnTestEnd(test_info_obj_);
   EXPECT_EQ("event=TestEnd&passed=1&elapsed_time=0ms\n", *output());
 }
 
 TEST_F(StreamingListenerTest, OnTestPartResult) {
   *output() = "";
   streamer_.OnTestPartResult(TestPartResult(
       TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, "foo.cc", 42, "failed=\n&%"));
 
   // Meta characters in the failure message should be properly escaped.
   EXPECT_EQ(
       "event=TestPartResult&file=foo.cc&line=42&message=failed%3D%0A%26%25\n",
       *output());
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
 
 // Provides access to otherwise private parts of the TestEventListeners class
 // that are needed to test it.
 class TestEventListenersAccessor {
  public:
   static TestEventListener* GetRepeater(TestEventListeners* listeners) {
     return listeners->repeater();
   }
 
   static void SetDefaultResultPrinter(TestEventListeners* listeners,
                                       TestEventListener* listener) {
     listeners->SetDefaultResultPrinter(listener);
   }
   static void SetDefaultXmlGenerator(TestEventListeners* listeners,
                                      TestEventListener* listener) {
     listeners->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(listener);
   }
 
   static bool EventForwardingEnabled(const TestEventListeners& listeners) {
     return listeners.EventForwardingEnabled();
   }
 
   static void SuppressEventForwarding(TestEventListeners* listeners) {
     listeners->SuppressEventForwarding();
   }
 };
 
 class UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper : public Test {
  protected:
   UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper() {}
 
   // Forwards to UnitTest::RecordProperty() to bypass access controls.
   void UnitTestRecordProperty(const char* key, const std::string& value) {
     unit_test_.RecordProperty(key, value);
   }
 
   UnitTest unit_test_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace testing
 
 using testing::AssertionFailure;
 using testing::AssertionResult;
 using testing::AssertionSuccess;
 using testing::DoubleLE;
 using testing::EmptyTestEventListener;
 using testing::Environment;
 using testing::FloatLE;
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(color);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(filter);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(list_tests);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(output);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(print_time);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(random_seed);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(show_internal_stack_frames);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(shuffle);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure);
 using testing::IsNotSubstring;
 using testing::IsSubstring;
 using testing::Message;
 using testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter;
 using testing::StaticAssertTypeEq;
 using testing::Test;
 using testing::TestCase;
 using testing::TestEventListeners;
 using testing::TestInfo;
 using testing::TestPartResult;
 using testing::TestPartResultArray;
 using testing::TestProperty;
 using testing::TestResult;
 using testing::TimeInMillis;
 using testing::UnitTest;
 using testing::internal::AlwaysFalse;
 using testing::internal::AlwaysTrue;
 using testing::internal::AppendUserMessage;
 using testing::internal::ArrayAwareFind;
 using testing::internal::ArrayEq;
 using testing::internal::CodePointToUtf8;
 using testing::internal::CopyArray;
 using testing::internal::CountIf;
 using testing::internal::EqFailure;
 using testing::internal::FloatingPoint;
 using testing::internal::ForEach;
 using testing::internal::FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601;
 using testing::internal::FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds;
 using testing::internal::GTestFlagSaver;
 using testing::internal::GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop;
 using testing::internal::GetElementOr;
 using testing::internal::GetNextRandomSeed;
 using testing::internal::GetRandomSeedFromFlag;
 using testing::internal::GetTestTypeId;
 using testing::internal::GetTimeInMillis;
 using testing::internal::GetTypeId;
 using testing::internal::GetUnitTestImpl;
 using testing::internal::Int32;
 using testing::internal::Int32FromEnvOrDie;
 using testing::internal::IsAProtocolMessage;
 using testing::internal::IsContainer;
 using testing::internal::IsContainerTest;
 using testing::internal::IsNotContainer;
 using testing::internal::NativeArray;
 using testing::internal::OsStackTraceGetter;
 using testing::internal::OsStackTraceGetterInterface;
 using testing::internal::ParseInt32Flag;
 using testing::internal::RelationToSourceCopy;
 using testing::internal::RelationToSourceReference;
 using testing::internal::ShouldRunTestOnShard;
 using testing::internal::ShouldShard;
 using testing::internal::ShouldUseColor;
 using testing::internal::Shuffle;
 using testing::internal::ShuffleRange;
 using testing::internal::SkipPrefix;
 using testing::internal::StreamableToString;
 using testing::internal::String;
 using testing::internal::TestEventListenersAccessor;
 using testing::internal::TestResultAccessor;
 using testing::internal::UInt32;
 using testing::internal::UnitTestImpl;
 using testing::internal::WideStringToUtf8;
 using testing::internal::edit_distance::CalculateOptimalEdits;
 using testing::internal::edit_distance::CreateUnifiedDiff;
 using testing::internal::edit_distance::EditType;
 using testing::internal::kMaxRandomSeed;
 using testing::internal::kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest;
 using testing::kMaxStackTraceDepth;
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 using testing::internal::CaptureStdout;
 using testing::internal::GetCapturedStdout;
 #endif
 
 #if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 using testing::internal::ThreadWithParam;
 #endif
 
 class TestingVector : public std::vector<int> {
 };
 
 ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
                            const TestingVector& vector) {
   os << "{ ";
   for (size_t i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {
     os << vector[i] << " ";
   }
   os << "}";
   return os;
 }
 
 // This line tests that we can define tests in an unnamed namespace.
 namespace {
 
 TEST(GetRandomSeedFromFlagTest, HandlesZero) {
   const int seed = GetRandomSeedFromFlag(0);
   EXPECT_LE(1, seed);
   EXPECT_LE(seed, static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed));
 }
 
 TEST(GetRandomSeedFromFlagTest, PreservesValidSeed) {
   EXPECT_EQ(1, GetRandomSeedFromFlag(1));
   EXPECT_EQ(2, GetRandomSeedFromFlag(2));
   EXPECT_EQ(kMaxRandomSeed - 1, GetRandomSeedFromFlag(kMaxRandomSeed - 1));
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed),
             GetRandomSeedFromFlag(kMaxRandomSeed));
 }
 
 TEST(GetRandomSeedFromFlagTest, NormalizesInvalidSeed) {
   const int seed1 = GetRandomSeedFromFlag(-1);
   EXPECT_LE(1, seed1);
   EXPECT_LE(seed1, static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed));
 
   const int seed2 = GetRandomSeedFromFlag(kMaxRandomSeed + 1);
   EXPECT_LE(1, seed2);
   EXPECT_LE(seed2, static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed));
 }
 
 TEST(GetNextRandomSeedTest, WorksForValidInput) {
   EXPECT_EQ(2, GetNextRandomSeed(1));
   EXPECT_EQ(3, GetNextRandomSeed(2));
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed),
             GetNextRandomSeed(kMaxRandomSeed - 1));
   EXPECT_EQ(1, GetNextRandomSeed(kMaxRandomSeed));
 
   // We deliberately don't test GetNextRandomSeed() with invalid
   // inputs, as that requires death tests, which are expensive.  This
   // is fine as GetNextRandomSeed() is internal and has a
   // straightforward definition.
 }
 
 static void ClearCurrentTestPartResults() {
   TestResultAccessor::ClearTestPartResults(
       GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result());
 }
 
 // Tests GetTypeId.
 
 TEST(GetTypeIdTest, ReturnsSameValueForSameType) {
   EXPECT_EQ(GetTypeId<int>(), GetTypeId<int>());
   EXPECT_EQ(GetTypeId<Test>(), GetTypeId<Test>());
 }
 
 class SubClassOfTest : public Test {};
 class AnotherSubClassOfTest : public Test {};
 
 TEST(GetTypeIdTest, ReturnsDifferentValuesForDifferentTypes) {
   EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<int>(), GetTypeId<const int>());
   EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<int>(), GetTypeId<char>());
   EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<int>(), GetTestTypeId());
   EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<SubClassOfTest>(), GetTestTypeId());
   EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<AnotherSubClassOfTest>(), GetTestTypeId());
   EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<AnotherSubClassOfTest>(), GetTypeId<SubClassOfTest>());
 }
 
 // Verifies that GetTestTypeId() returns the same value, no matter it
 // is called from inside Google Test or outside of it.
 TEST(GetTestTypeIdTest, ReturnsTheSameValueInsideOrOutsideOfGoogleTest) {
   EXPECT_EQ(kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest, GetTestTypeId());
 }
 
 // Tests CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning.
 
 using ::testing::internal::CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning;
 
 TEST(CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning, LeavesUnversionedNamesUnchanged) {
   EXPECT_EQ("std::bind", CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning("std::bind"));
   EXPECT_EQ("std::_", CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning("std::_"));
   EXPECT_EQ("std::__foo", CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning("std::__foo"));
   EXPECT_EQ("gtl::__1::x", CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning("gtl::__1::x"));
   EXPECT_EQ("__1::x", CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning("__1::x"));
   EXPECT_EQ("::__1::x", CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning("::__1::x"));
 }
 
 TEST(CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning, ElidesDoubleUnderNames) {
   EXPECT_EQ("std::bind", CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning("std::__1::bind"));
   EXPECT_EQ("std::_", CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning("std::__1::_"));
 
   EXPECT_EQ("std::bind", CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning("std::__g::bind"));
   EXPECT_EQ("std::_", CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning("std::__g::_"));
 
   EXPECT_EQ("std::bind",
             CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning("std::__google::bind"));
   EXPECT_EQ("std::_", CanonicalizeForStdLibVersioning("std::__google::_"));
 }
 
 // Tests FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds().
 
 TEST(FormatTimeInMillisAsSecondsTest, FormatsZero) {
   EXPECT_EQ("0", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(0));
 }
 
 TEST(FormatTimeInMillisAsSecondsTest, FormatsPositiveNumber) {
   EXPECT_EQ("0.003", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(3));
   EXPECT_EQ("0.01", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(10));
   EXPECT_EQ("0.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(200));
   EXPECT_EQ("1.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(1200));
   EXPECT_EQ("3", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(3000));
 }
 
 TEST(FormatTimeInMillisAsSecondsTest, FormatsNegativeNumber) {
   EXPECT_EQ("-0.003", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-3));
   EXPECT_EQ("-0.01", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-10));
   EXPECT_EQ("-0.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-200));
   EXPECT_EQ("-1.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-1200));
   EXPECT_EQ("-3", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-3000));
 }
 
 // Tests FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601().  The correctness of conversion
 // for particular dates below was verified in Python using
 // datetime.datetime.fromutctimestamp(<timetamp>/1000).
 
 // FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601 depends on the current timezone, so we
 // have to set up a particular timezone to obtain predictable results.
 class FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test : public Test {
  public:
   // On Cygwin, GCC doesn't allow unqualified integer literals to exceed
   // 32 bits, even when 64-bit integer types are available.  We have to
   // force the constants to have a 64-bit type here.
   static const TimeInMillis kMillisPerSec = 1000;
 
  private:
   void SetUp() override {
     saved_tz_ = nullptr;
 
     GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_(/* getenv, strdup: deprecated */)
     if (getenv("TZ"))
       saved_tz_ = strdup(getenv("TZ"));
     GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_()
 
     // Set up the time zone for FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601 to use.  We
     // cannot use the local time zone because the function's output depends
     // on the time zone.
     SetTimeZone("UTC+00");
   }
 
   void TearDown() override {
     SetTimeZone(saved_tz_);
     free(const_cast<char*>(saved_tz_));
     saved_tz_ = nullptr;
   }
 
   static void SetTimeZone(const char* time_zone) {
     // tzset() distinguishes between the TZ variable being present and empty
     // and not being present, so we have to consider the case of time_zone
     // being NULL.
 #if _MSC_VER || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
     // ...Unless it's MSVC, whose standard library's _putenv doesn't
     // distinguish between an empty and a missing variable.
     const std::string env_var =
         std::string("TZ=") + (time_zone ? time_zone : "");
     _putenv(env_var.c_str());
     GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996 /* deprecated function */)
     tzset();
     GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
 #else
     if (time_zone) {
       setenv(("TZ"), time_zone, 1);
     } else {
       unsetenv("TZ");
     }
     tzset();
 #endif
   }
 
   const char* saved_tz_;
 };
 
 const TimeInMillis FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test::kMillisPerSec;
 
 TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, PrintsTwoDigitSegments) {
   EXPECT_EQ("2011-10-31T18:52:42",
             FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(1320087162 * kMillisPerSec));
 }
 
 TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, MillisecondsDoNotAffectResult) {
   EXPECT_EQ(
       "2011-10-31T18:52:42",
       FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(1320087162 * kMillisPerSec + 234));
 }
 
 TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, PrintsLeadingZeroes) {
   EXPECT_EQ("2011-09-03T05:07:02",
             FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(1315026422 * kMillisPerSec));
 }
 
 TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, Prints24HourTime) {
   EXPECT_EQ("2011-09-28T17:08:22",
             FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(1317229702 * kMillisPerSec));
 }
 
 TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, PrintsEpochStart) {
   EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00", FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(0));
 }
 
 # ifdef __BORLANDC__
 // Silences warnings: "Condition is always true", "Unreachable code"
 #  pragma option push -w-ccc -w-rch
 # endif
 
 // Tests that the LHS of EXPECT_EQ or ASSERT_EQ can be used as a null literal
 // when the RHS is a pointer type.
 TEST(NullLiteralTest, LHSAllowsNullLiterals) {
   EXPECT_EQ(0, static_cast<void*>(nullptr));     // NOLINT
   ASSERT_EQ(0, static_cast<void*>(nullptr));     // NOLINT
   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, static_cast<void*>(nullptr));  // NOLINT
   ASSERT_EQ(NULL, static_cast<void*>(nullptr));  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, static_cast<void*>(nullptr));
   ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, static_cast<void*>(nullptr));
 
   const int* const p = nullptr;
   EXPECT_EQ(0, p);     // NOLINT
   ASSERT_EQ(0, p);     // NOLINT
   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, p);  // NOLINT
   ASSERT_EQ(NULL, p);  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, p);
   ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, p);
 }
 
 struct ConvertToAll {
   template <typename T>
   operator T() const {  // NOLINT
     return T();
   }
 };
 
 struct ConvertToPointer {
   template <class T>
   operator T*() const {  // NOLINT
     return nullptr;
   }
 };
 
 struct ConvertToAllButNoPointers {
   template <typename T,
             typename std::enable_if<!std::is_pointer<T>::value, int>::type = 0>
   operator T() const {  // NOLINT
     return T();
   }
 };
 
 struct MyType {};
 inline bool operator==(MyType const&, MyType const&) { return true; }
 
 TEST(NullLiteralTest, ImplicitConversion) {
   EXPECT_EQ(ConvertToPointer{}, static_cast<void*>(nullptr));
 #if !defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
   // Disabled due to GCC bug gcc.gnu.org/PR89580
   EXPECT_EQ(ConvertToAll{}, static_cast<void*>(nullptr));
 #endif
   EXPECT_EQ(ConvertToAll{}, MyType{});
   EXPECT_EQ(ConvertToAllButNoPointers{}, MyType{});
 }
 
 #ifdef __clang__
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #if __has_warning("-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant")
 #pragma clang diagnostic error "-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant"
 #endif
 #endif
 
 TEST(NullLiteralTest, NoConversionNoWarning) {
   // Test that gtests detection and handling of null pointer constants
   // doesn't trigger a warning when '0' isn't actually used as null.
   EXPECT_EQ(0, 0);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, 0);
 }
 
 #ifdef __clang__
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
 #endif
 
 # ifdef __BORLANDC__
 // Restores warnings after previous "#pragma option push" suppressed them.
 #  pragma option pop
 # endif
 
 //
 // Tests CodePointToUtf8().
 
 // Tests that the NUL character L'\0' is encoded correctly.
 TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncodeNul) {
   EXPECT_EQ("", CodePointToUtf8(L'\0'));
 }
 
 // Tests that ASCII characters are encoded correctly.
 TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncodeAscii) {
   EXPECT_EQ("a", CodePointToUtf8(L'a'));
   EXPECT_EQ("Z", CodePointToUtf8(L'Z'));
   EXPECT_EQ("&", CodePointToUtf8(L'&'));
   EXPECT_EQ("\x7F", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x7F'));
 }
 
 // Tests that Unicode code-points that have 8 to 11 bits are encoded
 // as 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx.
 TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncode8To11Bits) {
   // 000 1101 0011 => 110-00011 10-010011
   EXPECT_EQ("\xC3\x93", CodePointToUtf8(L'\xD3'));
 
   // 101 0111 0110 => 110-10101 10-110110
   // Some compilers (e.g., GCC on MinGW) cannot handle non-ASCII codepoints
   // in wide strings and wide chars. In order to accommodate them, we have to
   // introduce such character constants as integers.
   EXPECT_EQ("\xD5\xB6",
             CodePointToUtf8(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x576)));
 }
 
 // Tests that Unicode code-points that have 12 to 16 bits are encoded
 // as 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx.
 TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncode12To16Bits) {
   // 0000 1000 1101 0011 => 1110-0000 10-100011 10-010011
   EXPECT_EQ("\xE0\xA3\x93",
             CodePointToUtf8(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x8D3)));
 
   // 1100 0111 0100 1101 => 1110-1100 10-011101 10-001101
   EXPECT_EQ("\xEC\x9D\x8D",
             CodePointToUtf8(static_cast<wchar_t>(0xC74D)));
 }
 
 #if !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
 // Tests in this group require a wchar_t to hold > 16 bits, and thus
 // are skipped on Windows, and Cygwin, where a wchar_t is
 // 16-bit wide. This code may not compile on those systems.
 
 // Tests that Unicode code-points that have 17 to 21 bits are encoded
 // as 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx.
 TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncode17To21Bits) {
   // 0 0001 0000 1000 1101 0011 => 11110-000 10-010000 10-100011 10-010011
   EXPECT_EQ("\xF0\x90\xA3\x93", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x108D3'));
 
   // 0 0001 0000 0100 0000 0000 => 11110-000 10-010000 10-010000 10-000000
   EXPECT_EQ("\xF0\x90\x90\x80", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x10400'));
 
   // 1 0000 1000 0110 0011 0100 => 11110-100 10-001000 10-011000 10-110100
   EXPECT_EQ("\xF4\x88\x98\xB4", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x108634'));
 }
 
 // Tests that encoding an invalid code-point generates the expected result.
 TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncodeInvalidCodePoint) {
   EXPECT_EQ("(Invalid Unicode 0x1234ABCD)", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x1234ABCD'));
 }
 
 #endif  // !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
 
 // Tests WideStringToUtf8().
 
 // Tests that the NUL character L'\0' is encoded correctly.
 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeNul) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("", WideStringToUtf8(L"", 0).c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("", WideStringToUtf8(L"", -1).c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests that ASCII strings are encoded correctly.
 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeAscii) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("a", WideStringToUtf8(L"a", 1).c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("ab", WideStringToUtf8(L"ab", 2).c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("a", WideStringToUtf8(L"a", -1).c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("ab", WideStringToUtf8(L"ab", -1).c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests that Unicode code-points that have 8 to 11 bits are encoded
 // as 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx.
 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncode8To11Bits) {
   // 000 1101 0011 => 110-00011 10-010011
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xC3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(L"\xD3", 1).c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xC3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(L"\xD3", -1).c_str());
 
   // 101 0111 0110 => 110-10101 10-110110
   const wchar_t s[] = { 0x576, '\0' };
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xD5\xB6", WideStringToUtf8(s, 1).c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xD5\xB6", WideStringToUtf8(s, -1).c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests that Unicode code-points that have 12 to 16 bits are encoded
 // as 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx.
 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncode12To16Bits) {
   // 0000 1000 1101 0011 => 1110-0000 10-100011 10-010011
   const wchar_t s1[] = { 0x8D3, '\0' };
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xE0\xA3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(s1, 1).c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xE0\xA3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(s1, -1).c_str());
 
   // 1100 0111 0100 1101 => 1110-1100 10-011101 10-001101
   const wchar_t s2[] = { 0xC74D, '\0' };
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xEC\x9D\x8D", WideStringToUtf8(s2, 1).c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xEC\x9D\x8D", WideStringToUtf8(s2, -1).c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests that the conversion stops when the function encounters \0 character.
 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, StopsOnNulCharacter) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("ABC", WideStringToUtf8(L"ABC\0XYZ", 100).c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests that the conversion stops when the function reaches the limit
 // specified by the 'length' parameter.
 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, StopsWhenLengthLimitReached) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("ABC", WideStringToUtf8(L"ABCDEF", 3).c_str());
 }
 
 #if !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
 // Tests that Unicode code-points that have 17 to 21 bits are encoded
 // as 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx. This code may not compile
 // on the systems using UTF-16 encoding.
 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncode17To21Bits) {
   // 0 0001 0000 1000 1101 0011 => 11110-000 10-010000 10-100011 10-010011
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF0\x90\xA3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(L"\x108D3", 1).c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF0\x90\xA3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(L"\x108D3", -1).c_str());
 
   // 1 0000 1000 0110 0011 0100 => 11110-100 10-001000 10-011000 10-110100
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF4\x88\x98\xB4", WideStringToUtf8(L"\x108634", 1).c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF4\x88\x98\xB4", WideStringToUtf8(L"\x108634", -1).c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests that encoding an invalid code-point generates the expected result.
 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeInvalidCodePoint) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("(Invalid Unicode 0xABCDFF)",
                WideStringToUtf8(L"\xABCDFF", -1).c_str());
 }
 #else  // !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
 // Tests that surrogate pairs are encoded correctly on the systems using
 // UTF-16 encoding in the wide strings.
 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeValidUtf16SUrrogatePairs) {
   const wchar_t s[] = { 0xD801, 0xDC00, '\0' };
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF0\x90\x90\x80", WideStringToUtf8(s, -1).c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests that encoding an invalid UTF-16 surrogate pair
 // generates the expected result.
 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeInvalidUtf16SurrogatePair) {
   // Leading surrogate is at the end of the string.
   const wchar_t s1[] = { 0xD800, '\0' };
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xED\xA0\x80", WideStringToUtf8(s1, -1).c_str());
   // Leading surrogate is not followed by the trailing surrogate.
   const wchar_t s2[] = { 0xD800, 'M', '\0' };
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xED\xA0\x80M", WideStringToUtf8(s2, -1).c_str());
   // Trailing surrogate appearas without a leading surrogate.
   const wchar_t s3[] = { 0xDC00, 'P', 'Q', 'R', '\0' };
   EXPECT_STREQ("\xED\xB0\x80PQR", WideStringToUtf8(s3, -1).c_str());
 }
 #endif  // !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
 
 // Tests that codepoint concatenation works correctly.
 #if !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, ConcatenatesCodepointsCorrectly) {
   const wchar_t s[] = { 0x108634, 0xC74D, '\n', 0x576, 0x8D3, 0x108634, '\0'};
   EXPECT_STREQ(
       "\xF4\x88\x98\xB4"
           "\xEC\x9D\x8D"
           "\n"
           "\xD5\xB6"
           "\xE0\xA3\x93"
           "\xF4\x88\x98\xB4",
       WideStringToUtf8(s, -1).c_str());
 }
 #else
 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, ConcatenatesCodepointsCorrectly) {
   const wchar_t s[] = { 0xC74D, '\n', 0x576, 0x8D3, '\0'};
   EXPECT_STREQ(
       "\xEC\x9D\x8D" "\n" "\xD5\xB6" "\xE0\xA3\x93",
       WideStringToUtf8(s, -1).c_str());
 }
 #endif  // !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_
 
 // Tests the Random class.
 
 TEST(RandomDeathTest, GeneratesCrashesOnInvalidRange) {
   testing::internal::Random random(42);
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
       random.Generate(0),
       "Cannot generate a number in the range \\[0, 0\\)");
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
       random.Generate(testing::internal::Random::kMaxRange + 1),
       "Generation of a number in \\[0, 2147483649\\) was requested, "
       "but this can only generate numbers in \\[0, 2147483648\\)");
 }
 
 TEST(RandomTest, GeneratesNumbersWithinRange) {
   const UInt32 kRange = 10000;
   testing::internal::Random random(12345);
   for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
     EXPECT_LT(random.Generate(kRange), kRange) << " for iteration " << i;
   }
 
   testing::internal::Random random2(testing::internal::Random::kMaxRange);
   for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
     EXPECT_LT(random2.Generate(kRange), kRange) << " for iteration " << i;
   }
 }
 
 TEST(RandomTest, RepeatsWhenReseeded) {
   const int kSeed = 123;
   const int kArraySize = 10;
   const UInt32 kRange = 10000;
   UInt32 values[kArraySize];
 
   testing::internal::Random random(kSeed);
   for (int i = 0; i < kArraySize; i++) {
     values[i] = random.Generate(kRange);
   }
 
   random.Reseed(kSeed);
   for (int i = 0; i < kArraySize; i++) {
     EXPECT_EQ(values[i], random.Generate(kRange)) << " for iteration " << i;
   }
 }
 
 // Tests STL container utilities.
 
 // Tests CountIf().
 
 static bool IsPositive(int n) { return n > 0; }
 
 TEST(ContainerUtilityTest, CountIf) {
   std::vector<int> v;
   EXPECT_EQ(0, CountIf(v, IsPositive));  // Works for an empty container.
 
   v.push_back(-1);
   v.push_back(0);
   EXPECT_EQ(0, CountIf(v, IsPositive));  // Works when no value satisfies.
 
   v.push_back(2);
   v.push_back(-10);
   v.push_back(10);
   EXPECT_EQ(2, CountIf(v, IsPositive));
 }
 
 // Tests ForEach().
 
 static int g_sum = 0;
 static void Accumulate(int n) { g_sum += n; }
 
 TEST(ContainerUtilityTest, ForEach) {
   std::vector<int> v;
   g_sum = 0;
   ForEach(v, Accumulate);
   EXPECT_EQ(0, g_sum);  // Works for an empty container;
 
   g_sum = 0;
   v.push_back(1);
   ForEach(v, Accumulate);
   EXPECT_EQ(1, g_sum);  // Works for a container with one element.
 
   g_sum = 0;
   v.push_back(20);
   v.push_back(300);
   ForEach(v, Accumulate);
   EXPECT_EQ(321, g_sum);
 }
 
 // Tests GetElementOr().
 TEST(ContainerUtilityTest, GetElementOr) {
   std::vector<char> a;
   EXPECT_EQ('x', GetElementOr(a, 0, 'x'));
 
   a.push_back('a');
   a.push_back('b');
   EXPECT_EQ('a', GetElementOr(a, 0, 'x'));
   EXPECT_EQ('b', GetElementOr(a, 1, 'x'));
   EXPECT_EQ('x', GetElementOr(a, -2, 'x'));
   EXPECT_EQ('x', GetElementOr(a, 2, 'x'));
 }
 
 TEST(ContainerUtilityDeathTest, ShuffleRange) {
   std::vector<int> a;
   a.push_back(0);
   a.push_back(1);
   a.push_back(2);
   testing::internal::Random random(1);
 
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
       ShuffleRange(&random, -1, 1, &a),
       "Invalid shuffle range start -1: must be in range \\[0, 3\\]");
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
       ShuffleRange(&random, 4, 4, &a),
       "Invalid shuffle range start 4: must be in range \\[0, 3\\]");
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
       ShuffleRange(&random, 3, 2, &a),
       "Invalid shuffle range finish 2: must be in range \\[3, 3\\]");
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
       ShuffleRange(&random, 3, 4, &a),
       "Invalid shuffle range finish 4: must be in range \\[3, 3\\]");
 }
 
 class VectorShuffleTest : public Test {
  protected:
   static const size_t kVectorSize = 20;
 
   VectorShuffleTest() : random_(1) {
     for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(kVectorSize); i++) {
       vector_.push_back(i);
     }
   }
 
   static bool VectorIsCorrupt(const TestingVector& vector) {
     if (kVectorSize != vector.size()) {
       return true;
     }
 
     bool found_in_vector[kVectorSize] = { false };
     for (size_t i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {
       const int e = vector[i];
       if (e < 0 || e >= static_cast<int>(kVectorSize) || found_in_vector[e]) {
         return true;
       }
       found_in_vector[e] = true;
     }
 
     // Vector size is correct, elements' range is correct, no
     // duplicate elements.  Therefore no corruption has occurred.
     return false;
   }
 
   static bool VectorIsNotCorrupt(const TestingVector& vector) {
     return !VectorIsCorrupt(vector);
   }
 
   static bool RangeIsShuffled(const TestingVector& vector, int begin, int end) {
     for (int i = begin; i < end; i++) {
       if (i != vector[static_cast<size_t>(i)]) {
         return true;
       }
     }
     return false;
   }
 
   static bool RangeIsUnshuffled(
       const TestingVector& vector, int begin, int end) {
     return !RangeIsShuffled(vector, begin, end);
   }
 
   static bool VectorIsShuffled(const TestingVector& vector) {
     return RangeIsShuffled(vector, 0, static_cast<int>(vector.size()));
   }
 
   static bool VectorIsUnshuffled(const TestingVector& vector) {
     return !VectorIsShuffled(vector);
   }
 
   testing::internal::Random random_;
   TestingVector vector_;
 };  // class VectorShuffleTest
 
 const size_t VectorShuffleTest::kVectorSize;
 
 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, HandlesEmptyRange) {
   // Tests an empty range at the beginning...
   ShuffleRange(&random_, 0, 0, &vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
 
   // ...in the middle...
   ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize/2, kVectorSize/2, &vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
 
   // ...at the end...
   ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize - 1, kVectorSize - 1, &vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
 
   // ...and past the end.
   ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize, kVectorSize, &vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, HandlesRangeOfSizeOne) {
   // Tests a size one range at the beginning...
   ShuffleRange(&random_, 0, 1, &vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
 
   // ...in the middle...
   ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize/2, kVectorSize/2 + 1, &vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
 
   // ...and at the end.
   ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize - 1, kVectorSize, &vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);
 }
 
 // Because we use our own random number generator and a fixed seed,
 // we can guarantee that the following "random" tests will succeed.
 
 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesEntireVector) {
   Shuffle(&random_, &vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
   EXPECT_FALSE(VectorIsUnshuffled(vector_)) << vector_;
 
   // Tests the first and last elements in particular to ensure that
   // there are no off-by-one problems in our shuffle algorithm.
   EXPECT_NE(0, vector_[0]);
   EXPECT_NE(static_cast<int>(kVectorSize - 1), vector_[kVectorSize - 1]);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesStartOfVector) {
   const int kRangeSize = kVectorSize/2;
 
   ShuffleRange(&random_, 0, kRangeSize, &vector_);
 
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsShuffled, vector_, 0, kRangeSize);
   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsUnshuffled, vector_, kRangeSize,
                static_cast<int>(kVectorSize));
 }
 
 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesEndOfVector) {
   const int kRangeSize = kVectorSize / 2;
   ShuffleRange(&random_, kRangeSize, kVectorSize, &vector_);
 
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsUnshuffled, vector_, 0, kRangeSize);
   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsShuffled, vector_, kRangeSize,
                static_cast<int>(kVectorSize));
 }
 
 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesMiddleOfVector) {
   const int kRangeSize = static_cast<int>(kVectorSize) / 3;
   ShuffleRange(&random_, kRangeSize, 2*kRangeSize, &vector_);
 
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsUnshuffled, vector_, 0, kRangeSize);
   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsShuffled, vector_, kRangeSize, 2*kRangeSize);
   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsUnshuffled, vector_, 2 * kRangeSize,
                static_cast<int>(kVectorSize));
 }
 
 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesRepeatably) {
   TestingVector vector2;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < kVectorSize; i++) {
     vector2.push_back(static_cast<int>(i));
   }
 
   random_.Reseed(1234);
   Shuffle(&random_, &vector_);
   random_.Reseed(1234);
   Shuffle(&random_, &vector2);
 
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);
   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector2);
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < kVectorSize; i++) {
     EXPECT_EQ(vector_[i], vector2[i]) << " where i is " << i;
   }
 }
 
 // Tests the size of the AssertHelper class.
 
 TEST(AssertHelperTest, AssertHelperIsSmall) {
   // To avoid breaking clients that use lots of assertions in one
   // function, we cannot grow the size of AssertHelper.
   EXPECT_LE(sizeof(testing::internal::AssertHelper), sizeof(void*));
 }
 
 // Tests String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive().
 TEST(StringTest, EndsWithCaseInsensitive) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("foobar", "BAR"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("foobaR", "bar"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("foobar", ""));
   EXPECT_TRUE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("", ""));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("Foobar", "foo"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("foobar", "Foo"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive("", "foo"));
 }
 
 // C++Builder's preprocessor is buggy; it fails to expand macros that
 // appear in macro parameters after wide char literals.  Provide an alias
 // for NULL as a workaround.
 static const wchar_t* const kNull = nullptr;
 
 // Tests String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals
 TEST(StringTest, CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(nullptr, nullptr));
   EXPECT_FALSE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(kNull, L""));
   EXPECT_FALSE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"", kNull));
   EXPECT_FALSE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(kNull, L"foobar"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"foobar", kNull));
   EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"foobar", L"foobar"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"foobar", L"FOOBAR"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"FOOBAR", L"foobar"));
 }
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Tests String::ShowWideCString().
 TEST(StringTest, ShowWideCString) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("(null)",
                String::ShowWideCString(NULL).c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("", String::ShowWideCString(L"").c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("foo", String::ShowWideCString(L"foo").c_str());
 }
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 TEST(StringTest, AnsiAndUtf16Null) {
   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, String::AnsiToUtf16(NULL));
   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, String::Utf16ToAnsi(NULL));
 }
 
 TEST(StringTest, AnsiAndUtf16ConvertBasic) {
   const char* ansi = String::Utf16ToAnsi(L"str");
   EXPECT_STREQ("str", ansi);
   delete [] ansi;
   const WCHAR* utf16 = String::AnsiToUtf16("str");
   EXPECT_EQ(0, wcsncmp(L"str", utf16, 3));
   delete [] utf16;
 }
 
 TEST(StringTest, AnsiAndUtf16ConvertPathChars) {
   const char* ansi = String::Utf16ToAnsi(L".:\\ \"*?");
   EXPECT_STREQ(".:\\ \"*?", ansi);
   delete [] ansi;
   const WCHAR* utf16 = String::AnsiToUtf16(".:\\ \"*?");
   EXPECT_EQ(0, wcsncmp(L".:\\ \"*?", utf16, 3));
   delete [] utf16;
 }
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Tests TestProperty construction.
 TEST(TestPropertyTest, StringValue) {
   TestProperty property("key", "1");
   EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("1", property.value());
 }
 
 // Tests TestProperty replacing a value.
 TEST(TestPropertyTest, ReplaceStringValue) {
   TestProperty property("key", "1");
   EXPECT_STREQ("1", property.value());
   property.SetValue("2");
   EXPECT_STREQ("2", property.value());
 }
 
 // AddFatalFailure() and AddNonfatalFailure() must be stand-alone
 // functions (i.e. their definitions cannot be inlined at the call
 // sites), or C++Builder won't compile the code.
 static void AddFatalFailure() {
   FAIL() << "Expected fatal failure.";
 }
 
 static void AddNonfatalFailure() {
   ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected non-fatal failure.";
 }
 
 class ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest : public Test {
  public:  // Must be public and not protected due to a bug in g++ 3.4.2.
   enum FailureMode {
     FATAL_FAILURE,
     NONFATAL_FAILURE
   };
   static void AddFailure(FailureMode failure) {
     if (failure == FATAL_FAILURE) {
       AddFatalFailure();
     } else {
       AddNonfatalFailure();
     }
   }
 };
 
 // Tests that ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter intercepts test
 // failures.
 TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest, InterceptsTestFailures) {
   TestPartResultArray results;
   {
     ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter reporter(
         ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD,
         &results);
     AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE);
     AddFailure(FATAL_FAILURE);
   }
 
   EXPECT_EQ(2, results.size());
   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(0).nonfatally_failed());
   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(1).fatally_failed());
 }
 
 TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest, DeprecatedConstructor) {
   TestPartResultArray results;
   {
     // Tests, that the deprecated constructor still works.
     ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter reporter(&results);
     AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE);
   }
   EXPECT_EQ(1, results.size());
 }
 
 #if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 class ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest
   : public ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest {
  protected:
   static void AddFailureInOtherThread(FailureMode failure) {
     ThreadWithParam<FailureMode> thread(&AddFailure, failure, nullptr);
     thread.Join();
   }
 };
 
 TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest,
        InterceptsTestFailuresInAllThreads) {
   TestPartResultArray results;
   {
     ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter reporter(
         ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, &results);
     AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE);
     AddFailure(FATAL_FAILURE);
     AddFailureInOtherThread(NONFATAL_FAILURE);
     AddFailureInOtherThread(FATAL_FAILURE);
   }
 
   EXPECT_EQ(4, results.size());
   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(0).nonfatally_failed());
   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(1).fatally_failed());
   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(2).nonfatally_failed());
   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(3).fatally_failed());
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 // Tests EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE{,ON_ALL_THREADS}.  Makes sure that they
 // work even if the failure is generated in a called function rather than
 // the current context.
 
 typedef ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest ExpectFatalFailureTest;
 
 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, CatchesFatalFaliure) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AddFatalFailure(), "Expected fatal failure.");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, AcceptsStdStringObject) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AddFatalFailure(),
                        ::std::string("Expected fatal failure."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, CatchesFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
   // We have another test below to verify that the macro catches fatal
   // failures generated on another thread.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddFatalFailure(),
                                       "Expected fatal failure.");
 }
 
 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
 // Silences warnings: "Condition is always true"
 # pragma option push -w-ccc
 #endif
 
 // Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() can be used in a non-void
 // function even when the statement in it contains ASSERT_*.
 
 int NonVoidFunction() {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(false), "");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(FAIL(), "");
   return 0;
 }
 
 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, CanBeUsedInNonVoidFunction) {
   NonVoidFunction();
 }
 
 // Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(statement, ...) doesn't abort the
 // current function even though 'statement' generates a fatal failure.
 
 void DoesNotAbortHelper(bool* aborted) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(false), "");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(FAIL(), "");
 
   *aborted = false;
 }
 
 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
 // Restores warnings after previous "#pragma option push" suppressed them.
 # pragma option pop
 #endif
 
 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, DoesNotAbort) {
   bool aborted = true;
   DoesNotAbortHelper(&aborted);
   EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
 }
 
 // Tests that the EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE{,_ON_ALL_THREADS} accepts a
 // statement that contains a macro which expands to code containing an
 // unprotected comma.
 
 static int global_var = 0;
 #define GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_ global_var++, global_var++
 
 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma) {
 #ifndef __BORLANDC__
   // ICE's in C++Builder.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({
     GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_;
     AddFatalFailure();
   }, "");
 #endif
 
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS({
     GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_;
     AddFatalFailure();
   }, "");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE{,ON_ALL_THREADS}.
 
 typedef ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest ExpectNonfatalFailureTest;
 
 TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, CatchesNonfatalFailure) {
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddNonfatalFailure(),
                           "Expected non-fatal failure.");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, AcceptsStdStringObject) {
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddNonfatalFailure(),
                           ::std::string("Expected non-fatal failure."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, CatchesNonfatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
   // We have another test below to verify that the macro catches
   // non-fatal failures generated on another thread.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddNonfatalFailure(),
                                          "Expected non-fatal failure.");
 }
 
 // Tests that the EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE{,_ON_ALL_THREADS} accepts a
 // statement that contains a macro which expands to code containing an
 // unprotected comma.
 TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma) {
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
     GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_;
     AddNonfatalFailure();
   }, "");
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS({
     GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_;
     AddNonfatalFailure();
   }, "");
 }
 
 #if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 typedef ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest
     ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest;
 
 TEST_F(ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest, ExpectFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddFailureInOtherThread(FATAL_FAILURE),
                                       "Expected fatal failure.");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest, ExpectNonFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(
       AddFailureInOtherThread(NONFATAL_FAILURE), "Expected non-fatal failure.");
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 // Tests the TestProperty class.
 
 TEST(TestPropertyTest, ConstructorWorks) {
   const TestProperty property("key", "value");
   EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("value", property.value());
 }
 
 TEST(TestPropertyTest, SetValue) {
   TestProperty property("key", "value_1");
   EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());
   property.SetValue("value_2");
   EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("value_2", property.value());
 }
 
 // Tests the TestResult class
 
 // The test fixture for testing TestResult.
 class TestResultTest : public Test {
  protected:
   typedef std::vector<TestPartResult> TPRVector;
 
   // We make use of 2 TestPartResult objects,
   TestPartResult * pr1, * pr2;
 
   // ... and 3 TestResult objects.
   TestResult * r0, * r1, * r2;
 
   void SetUp() override {
     // pr1 is for success.
     pr1 = new TestPartResult(TestPartResult::kSuccess,
                              "foo/bar.cc",
                              10,
                              "Success!");
 
     // pr2 is for fatal failure.
     pr2 = new TestPartResult(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
                              "foo/bar.cc",
                              -1,  // This line number means "unknown"
                              "Failure!");
 
     // Creates the TestResult objects.
     r0 = new TestResult();
     r1 = new TestResult();
     r2 = new TestResult();
 
     // In order to test TestResult, we need to modify its internal
     // state, in particular the TestPartResult vector it holds.
     // test_part_results() returns a const reference to this vector.
     // We cast it to a non-const object s.t. it can be modified
     TPRVector* results1 = const_cast<TPRVector*>(
         &TestResultAccessor::test_part_results(*r1));
     TPRVector* results2 = const_cast<TPRVector*>(
         &TestResultAccessor::test_part_results(*r2));
 
     // r0 is an empty TestResult.
 
     // r1 contains a single SUCCESS TestPartResult.
     results1->push_back(*pr1);
 
     // r2 contains a SUCCESS, and a FAILURE.
     results2->push_back(*pr1);
     results2->push_back(*pr2);
   }
 
   void TearDown() override {
     delete pr1;
     delete pr2;
 
     delete r0;
     delete r1;
     delete r2;
   }
 
   // Helper that compares two TestPartResults.
   static void CompareTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& expected,
                                     const TestPartResult& actual) {
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.type(), actual.type());
     EXPECT_STREQ(expected.file_name(), actual.file_name());
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.line_number(), actual.line_number());
     EXPECT_STREQ(expected.summary(), actual.summary());
     EXPECT_STREQ(expected.message(), actual.message());
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.passed(), actual.passed());
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.failed(), actual.failed());
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.nonfatally_failed(), actual.nonfatally_failed());
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.fatally_failed(), actual.fatally_failed());
   }
 };
 
 // Tests TestResult::total_part_count().
 TEST_F(TestResultTest, total_part_count) {
   ASSERT_EQ(0, r0->total_part_count());
   ASSERT_EQ(1, r1->total_part_count());
   ASSERT_EQ(2, r2->total_part_count());
 }
 
 // Tests TestResult::Passed().
 TEST_F(TestResultTest, Passed) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(r0->Passed());
   ASSERT_TRUE(r1->Passed());
   ASSERT_FALSE(r2->Passed());
 }
 
 // Tests TestResult::Failed().
 TEST_F(TestResultTest, Failed) {
   ASSERT_FALSE(r0->Failed());
   ASSERT_FALSE(r1->Failed());
   ASSERT_TRUE(r2->Failed());
 }
 
 // Tests TestResult::GetTestPartResult().
 
 typedef TestResultTest TestResultDeathTest;
 
 TEST_F(TestResultDeathTest, GetTestPartResult) {
   CompareTestPartResult(*pr1, r2->GetTestPartResult(0));
   CompareTestPartResult(*pr2, r2->GetTestPartResult(1));
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(r2->GetTestPartResult(2), "");
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(r2->GetTestPartResult(-1), "");
 }
 
 // Tests TestResult has no properties when none are added.
 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, NoPropertiesFoundWhenNoneAreAdded) {
   TestResult test_result;
   ASSERT_EQ(0, test_result.test_property_count());
 }
 
 // Tests TestResult has the expected property when added.
 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, OnePropertyFoundWhenAdded) {
   TestResult test_result;
   TestProperty property("key_1", "1");
   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property);
   ASSERT_EQ(1, test_result.test_property_count());
   const TestProperty& actual_property = test_result.GetTestProperty(0);
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_1", actual_property.key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("1", actual_property.value());
 }
 
 // Tests TestResult has multiple properties when added.
 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, MultiplePropertiesFoundWhenAdded) {
   TestResult test_result;
   TestProperty property_1("key_1", "1");
   TestProperty property_2("key_2", "2");
   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_1);
   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_2);
   ASSERT_EQ(2, test_result.test_property_count());
   const TestProperty& actual_property_1 = test_result.GetTestProperty(0);
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_1", actual_property_1.key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("1", actual_property_1.value());
 
   const TestProperty& actual_property_2 = test_result.GetTestProperty(1);
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_2", actual_property_2.key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("2", actual_property_2.value());
 }
 
 // Tests TestResult::RecordProperty() overrides values for duplicate keys.
 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, OverridesValuesForDuplicateKeys) {
   TestResult test_result;
   TestProperty property_1_1("key_1", "1");
   TestProperty property_2_1("key_2", "2");
   TestProperty property_1_2("key_1", "12");
   TestProperty property_2_2("key_2", "22");
   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_1_1);
   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_2_1);
   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_1_2);
   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_2_2);
 
   ASSERT_EQ(2, test_result.test_property_count());
   const TestProperty& actual_property_1 = test_result.GetTestProperty(0);
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_1", actual_property_1.key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("12", actual_property_1.value());
 
   const TestProperty& actual_property_2 = test_result.GetTestProperty(1);
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_2", actual_property_2.key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("22", actual_property_2.value());
 }
 
 // Tests TestResult::GetTestProperty().
 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, GetTestProperty) {
   TestResult test_result;
   TestProperty property_1("key_1", "1");
   TestProperty property_2("key_2", "2");
   TestProperty property_3("key_3", "3");
   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_1);
   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_2);
   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, "testcase", property_3);
 
   const TestProperty& fetched_property_1 = test_result.GetTestProperty(0);
   const TestProperty& fetched_property_2 = test_result.GetTestProperty(1);
   const TestProperty& fetched_property_3 = test_result.GetTestProperty(2);
 
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_1", fetched_property_1.key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("1", fetched_property_1.value());
 
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_2", fetched_property_2.key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("2", fetched_property_2.value());
 
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_3", fetched_property_3.key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("3", fetched_property_3.value());
 
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(test_result.GetTestProperty(3), "");
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(test_result.GetTestProperty(-1), "");
 }
 
 // Tests the Test class.
 //
 // It's difficult to test every public method of this class (we are
 // already stretching the limit of Google Test by using it to test itself!).
 // Fortunately, we don't have to do that, as we are already testing
 // the functionalities of the Test class extensively by using Google Test
 // alone.
 //
 // Therefore, this section only contains one test.
 
 // Tests that GTestFlagSaver works on Windows and Mac.
 
 class GTestFlagSaverTest : public Test {
  protected:
   // Saves the Google Test flags such that we can restore them later, and
   // then sets them to their default values.  This will be called
   // before the first test in this test case is run.
   static void SetUpTestSuite() {
     saver_ = new GTestFlagSaver;
 
     GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(color) = "auto";
     GTEST_FLAG(filter) = "";
     GTEST_FLAG(list_tests) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(output) = "";
     GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = true;
     GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = 0;
     GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = 1;
     GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) = kMaxStackTraceDepth;
     GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = "";
     GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = false;
   }
 
   // Restores the Google Test flags that the tests have modified.  This will
   // be called after the last test in this test case is run.
   static void TearDownTestSuite() {
     delete saver_;
     saver_ = nullptr;
   }
 
   // Verifies that the Google Test flags have their default values, and then
   // modifies each of them.
   void VerifyAndModifyFlags() {
     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests));
     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure));
     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));
     EXPECT_STREQ("auto", GTEST_FLAG(color).c_str());
     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork));
     EXPECT_STREQ("", GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str());
     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(list_tests));
     EXPECT_STREQ("", GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str());
     EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_FLAG(print_time));
     EXPECT_EQ(0, GTEST_FLAG(random_seed));
     EXPECT_EQ(1, GTEST_FLAG(repeat));
     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(shuffle));
     EXPECT_EQ(kMaxStackTraceDepth, GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth));
     EXPECT_STREQ("", GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to).c_str());
     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure));
 
     GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) = true;
     GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure) = true;
     GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = true;
     GTEST_FLAG(color) = "no";
     GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork) = true;
     GTEST_FLAG(filter) = "abc";
     GTEST_FLAG(list_tests) = true;
     GTEST_FLAG(output) = "xml:foo.xml";
     GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = 1;
     GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = 100;
     GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = true;
     GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) = 1;
     GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = "localhost:1234";
     GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;
   }
 
  private:
   // For saving Google Test flags during this test case.
   static GTestFlagSaver* saver_;
 };
 
 GTestFlagSaver* GTestFlagSaverTest::saver_ = nullptr;
 
 // Google Test doesn't guarantee the order of tests.  The following two
 // tests are designed to work regardless of their order.
 
 // Modifies the Google Test flags in the test body.
 TEST_F(GTestFlagSaverTest, ModifyGTestFlags) {
   VerifyAndModifyFlags();
 }
 
 // Verifies that the Google Test flags in the body of the previous test were
 // restored to their original values.
 TEST_F(GTestFlagSaverTest, VerifyGTestFlags) {
   VerifyAndModifyFlags();
 }
 
 // Sets an environment variable with the given name to the given
 // value.  If the value argument is "", unsets the environment
 // variable.  The caller must ensure that both arguments are not NULL.
 static void SetEnv(const char* name, const char* value) {
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
   // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.
   return;
 #elif defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__SunOS_5_8) || defined(__SunOS_5_9)
   // C++Builder's putenv only stores a pointer to its parameter; we have to
   // ensure that the string remains valid as long as it might be needed.
   // We use an std::map to do so.
   static std::map<std::string, std::string*> added_env;
 
   // Because putenv stores a pointer to the string buffer, we can't delete the
   // previous string (if present) until after it's replaced.
   std::string *prev_env = NULL;
   if (added_env.find(name) != added_env.end()) {
     prev_env = added_env[name];
   }
   added_env[name] = new std::string(
       (Message() << name << "=" << value).GetString());
 
   // The standard signature of putenv accepts a 'char*' argument. Other
   // implementations, like C++Builder's, accept a 'const char*'.
   // We cast away the 'const' since that would work for both variants.
   putenv(const_cast<char*>(added_env[name]->c_str()));
   delete prev_env;
 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // If we are on Windows proper.
   _putenv((Message() << name << "=" << value).GetString().c_str());
 #else
   if (*value == '\0') {
     unsetenv(name);
   } else {
     setenv(name, value, 1);
   }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 }
 
 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.
 
 using testing::internal::Int32FromGTestEnv;
 
 // Tests Int32FromGTestEnv().
 
 // Tests that Int32FromGTestEnv() returns the default value when the
 // environment variable is not set.
 TEST(Int32FromGTestEnvTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenVariableIsNotSet) {
   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "");
   EXPECT_EQ(10, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 10));
 }
 
 # if !defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
 
 // Tests that Int32FromGTestEnv() returns the default value when the
 // environment variable overflows as an Int32.
 TEST(Int32FromGTestEnvTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenValueOverflows) {
   printf("(expecting 2 warnings)\n");
 
   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "12345678987654321");
   EXPECT_EQ(20, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 20));
 
   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "-12345678987654321");
   EXPECT_EQ(30, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 30));
 }
 
 // Tests that Int32FromGTestEnv() returns the default value when the
 // environment variable does not represent a valid decimal integer.
 TEST(Int32FromGTestEnvTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenValueIsInvalid) {
   printf("(expecting 2 warnings)\n");
 
   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "A1");
   EXPECT_EQ(40, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 40));
 
   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "12X");
   EXPECT_EQ(50, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 50));
 }
 
 # endif  // !defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
 
 // Tests that Int32FromGTestEnv() parses and returns the value of the
 // environment variable when it represents a valid decimal integer in
 // the range of an Int32.
 TEST(Int32FromGTestEnvTest, ParsesAndReturnsValidValue) {
   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "123");
   EXPECT_EQ(123, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 0));
 
   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "-321");
   EXPECT_EQ(-321, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 0));
 }
 #endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 // Tests ParseInt32Flag().
 
 // Tests that ParseInt32Flag() returns false and doesn't change the
 // output value when the flag has wrong format
 TEST(ParseInt32FlagTest, ReturnsFalseForInvalidFlag) {
   Int32 value = 123;
   EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--a=100", "b", &value));
   EXPECT_EQ(123, value);
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("a=100", "a", &value));
   EXPECT_EQ(123, value);
 }
 
 // Tests that ParseInt32Flag() returns false and doesn't change the
 // output value when the flag overflows as an Int32.
 TEST(ParseInt32FlagTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenValueOverflows) {
   printf("(expecting 2 warnings)\n");
 
   Int32 value = 123;
   EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--abc=12345678987654321", "abc", &value));
   EXPECT_EQ(123, value);
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--abc=-12345678987654321", "abc", &value));
   EXPECT_EQ(123, value);
 }
 
 // Tests that ParseInt32Flag() returns false and doesn't change the
 // output value when the flag does not represent a valid decimal
 // integer.
 TEST(ParseInt32FlagTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenValueIsInvalid) {
   printf("(expecting 2 warnings)\n");
 
   Int32 value = 123;
   EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--abc=A1", "abc", &value));
   EXPECT_EQ(123, value);
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--abc=12X", "abc", &value));
   EXPECT_EQ(123, value);
 }
 
 // Tests that ParseInt32Flag() parses the value of the flag and
 // returns true when the flag represents a valid decimal integer in
 // the range of an Int32.
 TEST(ParseInt32FlagTest, ParsesAndReturnsValidValue) {
   Int32 value = 123;
   EXPECT_TRUE(ParseInt32Flag("--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "abc=456", "abc", &value));
   EXPECT_EQ(456, value);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(ParseInt32Flag("--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "abc=-789",
                              "abc", &value));
   EXPECT_EQ(-789, value);
 }
 
 // Tests that Int32FromEnvOrDie() parses the value of the var or
 // returns the correct default.
 // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.
 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 TEST(Int32FromEnvOrDieTest, ParsesAndReturnsValidValue) {
   EXPECT_EQ(333, Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", 333));
   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", "123");
   EXPECT_EQ(123, Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", 333));
   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", "-123");
   EXPECT_EQ(-123, Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", 333));
 }
 #endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 // Tests that Int32FromEnvOrDie() aborts with an error message
 // if the variable is not an Int32.
 TEST(Int32FromEnvOrDieDeathTest, AbortsOnFailure) {
   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "VAR", "xxx");
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
       Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "VAR", 123),
       ".*");
 }
 
 // Tests that Int32FromEnvOrDie() aborts with an error message
 // if the variable cannot be represented by an Int32.
 TEST(Int32FromEnvOrDieDeathTest, AbortsOnInt32Overflow) {
   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "VAR", "1234567891234567891234");
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
       Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "VAR", 123),
       ".*");
 }
 
 // Tests that ShouldRunTestOnShard() selects all tests
 // where there is 1 shard.
 TEST(ShouldRunTestOnShardTest, IsPartitionWhenThereIsOneShard) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 0));
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 1));
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 2));
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 3));
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 4));
 }
 
 class ShouldShardTest : public testing::Test {
  protected:
   void SetUp() override {
     index_var_ = GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "INDEX";
     total_var_ = GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TOTAL";
   }
 
   void TearDown() override {
     SetEnv(index_var_, "");
     SetEnv(total_var_, "");
   }
 
   const char* index_var_;
   const char* total_var_;
 };
 
 // Tests that sharding is disabled if neither of the environment variables
 // are set.
 TEST_F(ShouldShardTest, ReturnsFalseWhenNeitherEnvVarIsSet) {
   SetEnv(index_var_, "");
   SetEnv(total_var_, "");
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));
 }
 
 // Tests that sharding is not enabled if total_shards  == 1.
 TEST_F(ShouldShardTest, ReturnsFalseWhenTotalShardIsOne) {
   SetEnv(index_var_, "0");
   SetEnv(total_var_, "1");
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));
 }
 
 // Tests that sharding is enabled if total_shards > 1 and
 // we are not in a death test subprocess.
 // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.
 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 TEST_F(ShouldShardTest, WorksWhenShardEnvVarsAreValid) {
   SetEnv(index_var_, "4");
   SetEnv(total_var_, "22");
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));
 
   SetEnv(index_var_, "8");
   SetEnv(total_var_, "9");
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));
 
   SetEnv(index_var_, "0");
   SetEnv(total_var_, "9");
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));
 }
 #endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 // Tests that we exit in error if the sharding values are not valid.
 
 typedef ShouldShardTest ShouldShardDeathTest;
 
 TEST_F(ShouldShardDeathTest, AbortsWhenShardingEnvVarsAreInvalid) {
   SetEnv(index_var_, "4");
   SetEnv(total_var_, "4");
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false), ".*");
 
   SetEnv(index_var_, "4");
   SetEnv(total_var_, "-2");
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false), ".*");
 
   SetEnv(index_var_, "5");
   SetEnv(total_var_, "");
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false), ".*");
 
   SetEnv(index_var_, "");
   SetEnv(total_var_, "5");
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false), ".*");
 }
 
 // Tests that ShouldRunTestOnShard is a partition when 5
 // shards are used.
 TEST(ShouldRunTestOnShardTest, IsPartitionWhenThereAreFiveShards) {
   // Choose an arbitrary number of tests and shards.
   const int num_tests = 17;
   const int num_shards = 5;
 
   // Check partitioning: each test should be on exactly 1 shard.
   for (int test_id = 0; test_id < num_tests; test_id++) {
     int prev_selected_shard_index = -1;
     for (int shard_index = 0; shard_index < num_shards; shard_index++) {
       if (ShouldRunTestOnShard(num_shards, shard_index, test_id)) {
         if (prev_selected_shard_index < 0) {
           prev_selected_shard_index = shard_index;
         } else {
           ADD_FAILURE() << "Shard " << prev_selected_shard_index << " and "
             << shard_index << " are both selected to run test " << test_id;
         }
       }
     }
   }
 
   // Check balance: This is not required by the sharding protocol, but is a
   // desirable property for performance.
   for (int shard_index = 0; shard_index < num_shards; shard_index++) {
     int num_tests_on_shard = 0;
     for (int test_id = 0; test_id < num_tests; test_id++) {
       num_tests_on_shard +=
         ShouldRunTestOnShard(num_shards, shard_index, test_id);
     }
     EXPECT_GE(num_tests_on_shard, num_tests / num_shards);
   }
 }
 
 // For the same reason we are not explicitly testing everything in the
 // Test class, there are no separate tests for the following classes
 // (except for some trivial cases):
 //
 //   TestSuite, UnitTest, UnitTestResultPrinter.
 //
 // Similarly, there are no separate tests for the following macros:
 //
 //   TEST, TEST_F, RUN_ALL_TESTS
 
 TEST(UnitTestTest, CanGetOriginalWorkingDir) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir() != nullptr);
   EXPECT_STRNE(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir(), "");
 }
 
 TEST(UnitTestTest, ReturnsPlausibleTimestamp) {
   EXPECT_LT(0, UnitTest::GetInstance()->start_timestamp());
   EXPECT_LE(UnitTest::GetInstance()->start_timestamp(), GetTimeInMillis());
 }
 
 // When a property using a reserved key is supplied to this function, it
 // tests that a non-fatal failure is added, a fatal failure is not added,
 // and that the property is not recorded.
 void ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey(
     const TestResult& test_result, const char* key) {
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(Test::RecordProperty(key, "1"), "Reserved key");
   ASSERT_EQ(0, test_result.test_property_count()) << "Property for key '" << key
                                                   << "' recorded unexpectedly.";
 }
 
 void ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
     const char* key) {
   const TestInfo* test_info = UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
   ASSERT_TRUE(test_info != nullptr);
   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey(*test_info->result(),
                                                         key);
 }
 
 void ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestSuite(
     const char* key) {
   const testing::TestSuite* test_suite =
       UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_suite();
   ASSERT_TRUE(test_suite != nullptr);
   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey(
       test_suite->ad_hoc_test_result(), key);
 }
 
 void ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestSuite(
     const char* key) {
   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey(
       UnitTest::GetInstance()->ad_hoc_test_result(), key);
 }
 
 // Tests that property recording functions in UnitTest outside of tests
 // functions correcly.  Creating a separate instance of UnitTest ensures it
 // is in a state similar to the UnitTest's singleton's between tests.
 class UnitTestRecordPropertyTest :
     public testing::internal::UnitTestRecordPropertyTestHelper {
  public:
   static void SetUpTestSuite() {
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestSuite(
         "disabled");
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestSuite(
         "errors");
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestSuite(
         "failures");
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestSuite(
         "name");
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestSuite(
         "tests");
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTestSuite(
         "time");
 
     Test::RecordProperty("test_case_key_1", "1");
 
     const testing::TestSuite* test_suite =
         UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_suite();
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(test_suite != nullptr);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1, test_suite->ad_hoc_test_result().test_property_count());
     EXPECT_STREQ("test_case_key_1",
                  test_suite->ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).key());
     EXPECT_STREQ("1",
                  test_suite->ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).value());
   }
 };
 
 // Tests TestResult has the expected property when added.
 TEST_F(UnitTestRecordPropertyTest, OnePropertyFoundWhenAdded) {
   UnitTestRecordProperty("key_1", "1");
 
   ASSERT_EQ(1, unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().test_property_count());
 
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_1",
                unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("1",
                unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).value());
 }
 
 // Tests TestResult has multiple properties when added.
 TEST_F(UnitTestRecordPropertyTest, MultiplePropertiesFoundWhenAdded) {
   UnitTestRecordProperty("key_1", "1");
   UnitTestRecordProperty("key_2", "2");
 
   ASSERT_EQ(2, unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().test_property_count());
 
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_1",
                unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("1", unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).value());
 
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_2",
                unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(1).key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("2", unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(1).value());
 }
 
 // Tests TestResult::RecordProperty() overrides values for duplicate keys.
 TEST_F(UnitTestRecordPropertyTest, OverridesValuesForDuplicateKeys) {
   UnitTestRecordProperty("key_1", "1");
   UnitTestRecordProperty("key_2", "2");
   UnitTestRecordProperty("key_1", "12");
   UnitTestRecordProperty("key_2", "22");
 
   ASSERT_EQ(2, unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().test_property_count());
 
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_1",
                unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("12",
                unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(0).value());
 
   EXPECT_STREQ("key_2",
                unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(1).key());
   EXPECT_STREQ("22",
                unit_test_.ad_hoc_test_result().GetTestProperty(1).value());
 }
 
 TEST_F(UnitTestRecordPropertyTest,
        AddFailureInsideTestsWhenUsingTestSuiteReservedKeys) {
   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
       "name");
   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
       "value_param");
   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
       "type_param");
   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
       "status");
   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
       "time");
   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyForCurrentTest(
       "classname");
 }
 
 TEST_F(UnitTestRecordPropertyTest,
        AddRecordWithReservedKeysGeneratesCorrectPropertyList) {
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
       Test::RecordProperty("name", "1"),
       "'classname', 'name', 'status', 'time', 'type_param', 'value_param',"
       " 'file', and 'line' are reserved");
 }
 
 class UnitTestRecordPropertyTestEnvironment : public Environment {
  public:
   void TearDown() override {
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestSuite(
         "tests");
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestSuite(
         "failures");
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestSuite(
         "disabled");
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestSuite(
         "errors");
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestSuite(
         "name");
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestSuite(
         "timestamp");
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestSuite(
         "time");
     ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKeyOutsideOfTestSuite(
         "random_seed");
   }
 };
 
 // This will test property recording outside of any test or test case.
 static Environment* record_property_env GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ =
     AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new UnitTestRecordPropertyTestEnvironment);
 
 // This group of tests is for predicate assertions (ASSERT_PRED*, etc)
 // of various arities.  They do not attempt to be exhaustive.  Rather,
 // view them as smoke tests that can be easily reviewed and verified.
 // A more complete set of tests for predicate assertions can be found
 // in gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc.
 
 // First, some predicates and predicate-formatters needed by the tests.
 
 // Returns true if and only if the argument is an even number.
 bool IsEven(int n) {
   return (n % 2) == 0;
 }
 
 // A functor that returns true if and only if the argument is an even number.
 struct IsEvenFunctor {
   bool operator()(int n) { return IsEven(n); }
 };
 
 // A predicate-formatter function that asserts the argument is an even
 // number.
 AssertionResult AssertIsEven(const char* expr, int n) {
   if (IsEven(n)) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
 
   Message msg;
   msg << expr << " evaluates to " << n << ", which is not even.";
   return AssertionFailure(msg);
 }
 
 // A predicate function that returns AssertionResult for use in
 // EXPECT/ASSERT_TRUE/FALSE.
 AssertionResult ResultIsEven(int n) {
   if (IsEven(n))
     return AssertionSuccess() << n << " is even";
   else
     return AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
 }
 
 // A predicate function that returns AssertionResult but gives no
 // explanation why it succeeds. Needed for testing that
 // EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE handles such functions correctly.
 AssertionResult ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(int n) {
   if (IsEven(n))
     return AssertionSuccess();
   else
     return AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";
 }
 
 // A predicate-formatter functor that asserts the argument is an even
 // number.
 struct AssertIsEvenFunctor {
   AssertionResult operator()(const char* expr, int n) {
     return AssertIsEven(expr, n);
   }
 };
 
 // Returns true if and only if the sum of the arguments is an even number.
 bool SumIsEven2(int n1, int n2) {
   return IsEven(n1 + n2);
 }
 
 // A functor that returns true if and only if the sum of the arguments is an
 // even number.
 struct SumIsEven3Functor {
   bool operator()(int n1, int n2, int n3) {
     return IsEven(n1 + n2 + n3);
   }
 };
 
 // A predicate-formatter function that asserts the sum of the
 // arguments is an even number.
 AssertionResult AssertSumIsEven4(
     const char* e1, const char* e2, const char* e3, const char* e4,
     int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4) {
   const int sum = n1 + n2 + n3 + n4;
   if (IsEven(sum)) {
     return AssertionSuccess();
   }
 
   Message msg;
   msg << e1 << " + " << e2 << " + " << e3 << " + " << e4
       << " (" << n1 << " + " << n2 << " + " << n3 << " + " << n4
       << ") evaluates to " << sum << ", which is not even.";
   return AssertionFailure(msg);
 }
 
 // A predicate-formatter functor that asserts the sum of the arguments
 // is an even number.
 struct AssertSumIsEven5Functor {
   AssertionResult operator()(
       const char* e1, const char* e2, const char* e3, const char* e4,
       const char* e5, int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4, int n5) {
     const int sum = n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 + n5;
     if (IsEven(sum)) {
       return AssertionSuccess();
     }
 
     Message msg;
     msg << e1 << " + " << e2 << " + " << e3 << " + " << e4 << " + " << e5
         << " ("
         << n1 << " + " << n2 << " + " << n3 << " + " << n4 << " + " << n5
         << ") evaluates to " << sum << ", which is not even.";
     return AssertionFailure(msg);
   }
 };
 
 
 // Tests unary predicate assertions.
 
 // Tests unary predicate assertions that don't use a custom formatter.
 TEST(Pred1Test, WithoutFormat) {
   // Success cases.
   EXPECT_PRED1(IsEvenFunctor(), 2) << "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";
   ASSERT_PRED1(IsEven, 4);
 
   // Failure cases.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_PRED1(IsEven, 5) << "This failure is expected.";
   }, "This failure is expected.");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_PRED1(IsEvenFunctor(), 5),
                        "evaluates to false");
 }
 
 // Tests unary predicate assertions that use a custom formatter.
 TEST(Pred1Test, WithFormat) {
   // Success cases.
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEven, 2);
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEvenFunctor(), 4)
     << "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";
 
   // Failure cases.
   const int n = 5;
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEvenFunctor(), n),
                           "n evaluates to 5, which is not even.");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEven, 5) << "This failure is expected.";
   }, "This failure is expected.");
 }
 
 // Tests that unary predicate assertions evaluates their arguments
 // exactly once.
 TEST(Pred1Test, SingleEvaluationOnFailure) {
   // A success case.
   static int n = 0;
   EXPECT_PRED1(IsEven, n++);
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n) << "The argument is not evaluated exactly once.";
 
   // A failure case.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEvenFunctor(), n++)
         << "This failure is expected.";
   }, "This failure is expected.");
   EXPECT_EQ(2, n) << "The argument is not evaluated exactly once.";
 }
 
 
 // Tests predicate assertions whose arity is >= 2.
 
 // Tests predicate assertions that don't use a custom formatter.
 TEST(PredTest, WithoutFormat) {
   // Success cases.
   ASSERT_PRED2(SumIsEven2, 2, 4) << "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";
   EXPECT_PRED3(SumIsEven3Functor(), 4, 6, 8);
 
   // Failure cases.
   const int n1 = 1;
   const int n2 = 2;
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_PRED2(SumIsEven2, n1, n2) << "This failure is expected.";
   }, "This failure is expected.");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     ASSERT_PRED3(SumIsEven3Functor(), 1, 2, 4);
   }, "evaluates to false");
 }
 
 // Tests predicate assertions that use a custom formatter.
 TEST(PredTest, WithFormat) {
   // Success cases.
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(AssertSumIsEven4, 4, 6, 8, 10) <<
     "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(AssertSumIsEven5Functor(), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10);
 
   // Failure cases.
   const int n1 = 1;
   const int n2 = 2;
   const int n3 = 4;
   const int n4 = 6;
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(AssertSumIsEven4, n1, n2, n3, n4);
   }, "evaluates to 13, which is not even.");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(AssertSumIsEven5Functor(), 1, 2, 4, 6, 8)
         << "This failure is expected.";
   }, "This failure is expected.");
 }
 
 // Tests that predicate assertions evaluates their arguments
 // exactly once.
 TEST(PredTest, SingleEvaluationOnFailure) {
   // A success case.
   int n1 = 0;
   int n2 = 0;
   EXPECT_PRED2(SumIsEven2, n1++, n2++);
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n1) << "Argument 1 is not evaluated exactly once.";
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n2) << "Argument 2 is not evaluated exactly once.";
 
   // Another success case.
   n1 = n2 = 0;
   int n3 = 0;
   int n4 = 0;
   int n5 = 0;
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(AssertSumIsEven5Functor(),
                       n1++, n2++, n3++, n4++, n5++)
                         << "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n1) << "Argument 1 is not evaluated exactly once.";
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n2) << "Argument 2 is not evaluated exactly once.";
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n3) << "Argument 3 is not evaluated exactly once.";
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n4) << "Argument 4 is not evaluated exactly once.";
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n5) << "Argument 5 is not evaluated exactly once.";
 
   // A failure case.
   n1 = n2 = n3 = 0;
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_PRED3(SumIsEven3Functor(), ++n1, n2++, n3++)
         << "This failure is expected.";
   }, "This failure is expected.");
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n1) << "Argument 1 is not evaluated exactly once.";
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n2) << "Argument 2 is not evaluated exactly once.";
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n3) << "Argument 3 is not evaluated exactly once.";
 
   // Another failure case.
   n1 = n2 = n3 = n4 = 0;
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(AssertSumIsEven4, ++n1, n2++, n3++, n4++);
   }, "evaluates to 1, which is not even.");
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n1) << "Argument 1 is not evaluated exactly once.";
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n2) << "Argument 2 is not evaluated exactly once.";
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n3) << "Argument 3 is not evaluated exactly once.";
   EXPECT_EQ(1, n4) << "Argument 4 is not evaluated exactly once.";
 }
 
 // Test predicate assertions for sets
 TEST(PredTest, ExpectPredEvalFailure) {
   std::set<int> set_a = {2, 1, 3, 4, 5};
   std::set<int> set_b = {0, 4, 8};
   const auto compare_sets = [] (std::set<int>, std::set<int>) { return false; };
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
       EXPECT_PRED2(compare_sets, set_a, set_b),
       "compare_sets(set_a, set_b) evaluates to false, where\nset_a evaluates "
       "to { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }\nset_b evaluates to { 0, 4, 8 }");
 }
 
 // Some helper functions for testing using overloaded/template
 // functions with ASSERT_PREDn and EXPECT_PREDn.
 
 bool IsPositive(double x) {
   return x > 0;
 }
 
 template <typename T>
 bool IsNegative(T x) {
   return x < 0;
 }
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 bool GreaterThan(T1 x1, T2 x2) {
   return x1 > x2;
 }
 
 // Tests that overloaded functions can be used in *_PRED* as long as
 // their types are explicitly specified.
 TEST(PredicateAssertionTest, AcceptsOverloadedFunction) {
   // C++Builder requires C-style casts rather than static_cast.
   EXPECT_PRED1((bool (*)(int))(IsPositive), 5);  // NOLINT
   ASSERT_PRED1((bool (*)(double))(IsPositive), 6.0);  // NOLINT
 }
 
 // Tests that template functions can be used in *_PRED* as long as
 // their types are explicitly specified.
 TEST(PredicateAssertionTest, AcceptsTemplateFunction) {
   EXPECT_PRED1(IsNegative<int>, -5);
   // Makes sure that we can handle templates with more than one
   // parameter.
   ASSERT_PRED2((GreaterThan<int, int>), 5, 0);
 }
 
 
 // Some helper functions for testing using overloaded/template
 // functions with ASSERT_PRED_FORMATn and EXPECT_PRED_FORMATn.
 
 AssertionResult IsPositiveFormat(const char* /* expr */, int n) {
   return n > 0 ? AssertionSuccess() :
       AssertionFailure(Message() << "Failure");
 }
 
 AssertionResult IsPositiveFormat(const char* /* expr */, double x) {
   return x > 0 ? AssertionSuccess() :
       AssertionFailure(Message() << "Failure");
 }
 
 template <typename T>
 AssertionResult IsNegativeFormat(const char* /* expr */, T x) {
   return x < 0 ? AssertionSuccess() :
       AssertionFailure(Message() << "Failure");
 }
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 AssertionResult EqualsFormat(const char* /* expr1 */, const char* /* expr2 */,
                              const T1& x1, const T2& x2) {
   return x1 == x2 ? AssertionSuccess() :
       AssertionFailure(Message() << "Failure");
 }
 
 // Tests that overloaded functions can be used in *_PRED_FORMAT*
 // without explicitly specifying their types.
 TEST(PredicateFormatAssertionTest, AcceptsOverloadedFunction) {
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsPositiveFormat, 5);
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsPositiveFormat, 6.0);
 }
 
 // Tests that template functions can be used in *_PRED_FORMAT* without
 // explicitly specifying their types.
 TEST(PredicateFormatAssertionTest, AcceptsTemplateFunction) {
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsNegativeFormat, -5);
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(EqualsFormat, 3, 3);
 }
 
 
 // Tests string assertions.
 
 // Tests ASSERT_STREQ with non-NULL arguments.
 TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STREQ) {
   const char * const p1 = "good";
   ASSERT_STREQ(p1, p1);
 
   // Let p2 have the same content as p1, but be at a different address.
   const char p2[] = "good";
   ASSERT_STREQ(p1, p2);
 
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STREQ("bad", "good"),
                        "  \"bad\"\n  \"good\"");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_STREQ with NULL arguments.
 TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STREQ_Null) {
   ASSERT_STREQ(static_cast<const char*>(nullptr), nullptr);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STREQ(nullptr, "non-null"), "non-null");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_STREQ with NULL arguments.
 TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STREQ_Null2) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STREQ("non-null", nullptr), "non-null");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_STRNE.
 TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STRNE) {
   ASSERT_STRNE("hi", "Hi");
   ASSERT_STRNE("Hi", nullptr);
   ASSERT_STRNE(nullptr, "Hi");
   ASSERT_STRNE("", nullptr);
   ASSERT_STRNE(nullptr, "");
   ASSERT_STRNE("", "Hi");
   ASSERT_STRNE("Hi", "");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRNE("Hi", "Hi"),
                        "\"Hi\" vs \"Hi\"");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_STRCASEEQ.
 TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STRCASEEQ) {
   ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("hi", "Hi");
   ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(static_cast<const char*>(nullptr), nullptr);
 
   ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("", "");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("Hi", "hi2"),
                        "Ignoring case");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_STRCASENE.
 TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STRCASENE) {
   ASSERT_STRCASENE("hi1", "Hi2");
   ASSERT_STRCASENE("Hi", nullptr);
   ASSERT_STRCASENE(nullptr, "Hi");
   ASSERT_STRCASENE("", nullptr);
   ASSERT_STRCASENE(nullptr, "");
   ASSERT_STRCASENE("", "Hi");
   ASSERT_STRCASENE("Hi", "");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRCASENE("Hi", "hi"),
                        "(ignoring case)");
 }
 
 // Tests *_STREQ on wide strings.
 TEST(StringAssertionTest, STREQ_Wide) {
   // NULL strings.
   ASSERT_STREQ(static_cast<const wchar_t*>(nullptr), nullptr);
 
   // Empty strings.
   ASSERT_STREQ(L"", L"");
 
   // Non-null vs NULL.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STREQ(L"non-null", nullptr), "non-null");
 
   // Equal strings.
   EXPECT_STREQ(L"Hi", L"Hi");
 
   // Unequal strings.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STREQ(L"abc", L"Abc"),
                           "Abc");
 
   // Strings containing wide characters.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STREQ(L"abc\x8119", L"abc\x8120"),
                           "abc");
 
   // The streaming variation.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_STREQ(L"abc\x8119", L"abc\x8121") << "Expected failure";
   }, "Expected failure");
 }
 
 // Tests *_STRNE on wide strings.
 TEST(StringAssertionTest, STRNE_Wide) {
   // NULL strings.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
       {  // NOLINT
         EXPECT_STRNE(static_cast<const wchar_t*>(nullptr), nullptr);
       },
       "");
 
   // Empty strings.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRNE(L"", L""),
                           "L\"\"");
 
   // Non-null vs NULL.
   ASSERT_STRNE(L"non-null", nullptr);
 
   // Equal strings.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRNE(L"Hi", L"Hi"),
                           "L\"Hi\"");
 
   // Unequal strings.
   EXPECT_STRNE(L"abc", L"Abc");
 
   // Strings containing wide characters.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRNE(L"abc\x8119", L"abc\x8119"),
                           "abc");
 
   // The streaming variation.
   ASSERT_STRNE(L"abc\x8119", L"abc\x8120") << "This shouldn't happen";
 }
 
 // Tests for ::testing::IsSubstring().
 
 // Tests that IsSubstring() returns the correct result when the input
 // argument type is const char*.
 TEST(IsSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultForCString) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", nullptr, "a"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", "b", nullptr));
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", "needle", "haystack"));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(IsSubstring("", "", static_cast<const char*>(nullptr), nullptr));
   EXPECT_TRUE(IsSubstring("", "", "needle", "two needles"));
 }
 
 // Tests that IsSubstring() returns the correct result when the input
 // argument type is const wchar_t*.
 TEST(IsSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultForWideCString) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", kNull, L"a"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", L"b", kNull));
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", L"needle", L"haystack"));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(
       IsSubstring("", "", static_cast<const wchar_t*>(nullptr), nullptr));
   EXPECT_TRUE(IsSubstring("", "", L"needle", L"two needles"));
 }
 
 // Tests that IsSubstring() generates the correct message when the input
 // argument type is const char*.
 TEST(IsSubstringTest, GeneratesCorrectMessageForCString) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("Value of: needle_expr\n"
                "  Actual: \"needle\"\n"
                "Expected: a substring of haystack_expr\n"
                "Which is: \"haystack\"",
                IsSubstring("needle_expr", "haystack_expr",
                            "needle", "haystack").failure_message());
 }
 
 // Tests that IsSubstring returns the correct result when the input
 // argument type is ::std::string.
 TEST(IsSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultsForStdString) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(IsSubstring("", "", std::string("hello"), "ahellob"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", "hello", std::string("world")));
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 // Tests that IsSubstring returns the correct result when the input
 // argument type is ::std::wstring.
 TEST(IsSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultForStdWstring) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(IsSubstring("", "", ::std::wstring(L"needle"), L"two needles"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsSubstring("", "", L"needle", ::std::wstring(L"haystack")));
 }
 
 // Tests that IsSubstring() generates the correct message when the input
 // argument type is ::std::wstring.
 TEST(IsSubstringTest, GeneratesCorrectMessageForWstring) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("Value of: needle_expr\n"
                "  Actual: L\"needle\"\n"
                "Expected: a substring of haystack_expr\n"
                "Which is: L\"haystack\"",
                IsSubstring(
                    "needle_expr", "haystack_expr",
                    ::std::wstring(L"needle"), L"haystack").failure_message());
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
 // Tests for ::testing::IsNotSubstring().
 
 // Tests that IsNotSubstring() returns the correct result when the input
 // argument type is const char*.
 TEST(IsNotSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultForCString) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(IsNotSubstring("", "", "needle", "haystack"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsNotSubstring("", "", "needle", "two needles"));
 }
 
 // Tests that IsNotSubstring() returns the correct result when the input
 // argument type is const wchar_t*.
 TEST(IsNotSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultForWideCString) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(IsNotSubstring("", "", L"needle", L"haystack"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsNotSubstring("", "", L"needle", L"two needles"));
 }
 
 // Tests that IsNotSubstring() generates the correct message when the input
 // argument type is const wchar_t*.
 TEST(IsNotSubstringTest, GeneratesCorrectMessageForWideCString) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("Value of: needle_expr\n"
                "  Actual: L\"needle\"\n"
                "Expected: not a substring of haystack_expr\n"
                "Which is: L\"two needles\"",
                IsNotSubstring(
                    "needle_expr", "haystack_expr",
                    L"needle", L"two needles").failure_message());
 }
 
 // Tests that IsNotSubstring returns the correct result when the input
 // argument type is ::std::string.
 TEST(IsNotSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultsForStdString) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsNotSubstring("", "", std::string("hello"), "ahellob"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(IsNotSubstring("", "", "hello", std::string("world")));
 }
 
 // Tests that IsNotSubstring() generates the correct message when the input
 // argument type is ::std::string.
 TEST(IsNotSubstringTest, GeneratesCorrectMessageForStdString) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("Value of: needle_expr\n"
                "  Actual: \"needle\"\n"
                "Expected: not a substring of haystack_expr\n"
                "Which is: \"two needles\"",
                IsNotSubstring(
                    "needle_expr", "haystack_expr",
                    ::std::string("needle"), "two needles").failure_message());
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
 // Tests that IsNotSubstring returns the correct result when the input
 // argument type is ::std::wstring.
 TEST(IsNotSubstringTest, ReturnsCorrectResultForStdWstring) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(
       IsNotSubstring("", "", ::std::wstring(L"needle"), L"two needles"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(IsNotSubstring("", "", L"needle", ::std::wstring(L"haystack")));
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
 // Tests floating-point assertions.
 
 template <typename RawType>
 class FloatingPointTest : public Test {
  protected:
   // Pre-calculated numbers to be used by the tests.
   struct TestValues {
     RawType close_to_positive_zero;
     RawType close_to_negative_zero;
     RawType further_from_negative_zero;
 
     RawType close_to_one;
     RawType further_from_one;
 
     RawType infinity;
     RawType close_to_infinity;
     RawType further_from_infinity;
 
     RawType nan1;
     RawType nan2;
   };
 
   typedef typename testing::internal::FloatingPoint<RawType> Floating;
   typedef typename Floating::Bits Bits;
 
   void SetUp() override {
     const size_t max_ulps = Floating::kMaxUlps;
 
     // The bits that represent 0.0.
     const Bits zero_bits = Floating(0).bits();
 
     // Makes some numbers close to 0.0.
     values_.close_to_positive_zero = Floating::ReinterpretBits(
         zero_bits + max_ulps/2);
     values_.close_to_negative_zero = -Floating::ReinterpretBits(
         zero_bits + max_ulps - max_ulps/2);
     values_.further_from_negative_zero = -Floating::ReinterpretBits(
         zero_bits + max_ulps + 1 - max_ulps/2);
 
     // The bits that represent 1.0.
     const Bits one_bits = Floating(1).bits();
 
     // Makes some numbers close to 1.0.
     values_.close_to_one = Floating::ReinterpretBits(one_bits + max_ulps);
     values_.further_from_one = Floating::ReinterpretBits(
         one_bits + max_ulps + 1);
 
     // +infinity.
     values_.infinity = Floating::Infinity();
 
     // The bits that represent +infinity.
     const Bits infinity_bits = Floating(values_.infinity).bits();
 
     // Makes some numbers close to infinity.
     values_.close_to_infinity = Floating::ReinterpretBits(
         infinity_bits - max_ulps);
     values_.further_from_infinity = Floating::ReinterpretBits(
         infinity_bits - max_ulps - 1);
 
     // Makes some NAN's.  Sets the most significant bit of the fraction so that
     // our NaN's are quiet; trying to process a signaling NaN would raise an
     // exception if our environment enables floating point exceptions.
     values_.nan1 = Floating::ReinterpretBits(Floating::kExponentBitMask
         | (static_cast<Bits>(1) << (Floating::kFractionBitCount - 1)) | 1);
     values_.nan2 = Floating::ReinterpretBits(Floating::kExponentBitMask
         | (static_cast<Bits>(1) << (Floating::kFractionBitCount - 1)) | 200);
   }
 
   void TestSize() {
     EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(RawType), sizeof(Bits));
   }
 
   static TestValues values_;
 };
 
 template <typename RawType>
 typename FloatingPointTest<RawType>::TestValues
     FloatingPointTest<RawType>::values_;
 
 // Instantiates FloatingPointTest for testing *_FLOAT_EQ.
 typedef FloatingPointTest<float> FloatTest;
 
 // Tests that the size of Float::Bits matches the size of float.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, Size) {
   TestSize();
 }
 
 // Tests comparing with +0 and -0.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, Zeros) {
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(0.0, -0.0);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(-0.0, 1.0),
                           "1.0");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(0.0, 1.5),
                        "1.5");
 }
 
 // Tests comparing numbers close to 0.
 //
 // This ensures that *_FLOAT_EQ handles the sign correctly and no
 // overflow occurs when comparing numbers whose absolute value is very
 // small.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, AlmostZeros) {
   // In C++Builder, names within local classes (such as used by
   // EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE) cannot be resolved against static members of the
   // scoping class.  Use a static local alias as a workaround.
   // We use the assignment syntax since some compilers, like Sun Studio,
   // don't allow initializing references using construction syntax
   // (parentheses).
   static const FloatTest::TestValues& v = this->values_;
 
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(0.0, v.close_to_positive_zero);
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(-0.0, v.close_to_negative_zero);
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(v.close_to_positive_zero, v.close_to_negative_zero);
 
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(v.close_to_positive_zero,
                     v.further_from_negative_zero);
   }, "v.further_from_negative_zero");
 }
 
 // Tests comparing numbers close to each other.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, SmallDiff) {
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, values_.close_to_one);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, values_.further_from_one),
                           "values_.further_from_one");
 }
 
 // Tests comparing numbers far apart.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, LargeDiff) {
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(2.5, 3.0),
                           "3.0");
 }
 
 // Tests comparing with infinity.
 //
 // This ensures that no overflow occurs when comparing numbers whose
 // absolute value is very large.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, Infinity) {
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values_.infinity, values_.close_to_infinity);
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(-values_.infinity, -values_.close_to_infinity);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values_.infinity, -values_.infinity),
                           "-values_.infinity");
 
   // This is interesting as the representations of infinity and nan1
   // are only 1 DLP apart.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values_.infinity, values_.nan1),
                           "values_.nan1");
 }
 
 // Tests that comparing with NAN always returns false.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, NaN) {
   // In C++Builder, names within local classes (such as used by
   // EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE) cannot be resolved against static members of the
   // scoping class.  Use a static local alias as a workaround.
   // We use the assignment syntax since some compilers, like Sun Studio,
   // don't allow initializing references using construction syntax
   // (parentheses).
   static const FloatTest::TestValues& v = this->values_;
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(v.nan1, v.nan1),
                           "v.nan1");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(v.nan1, v.nan2),
                           "v.nan2");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, v.nan1),
                           "v.nan1");
 
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(v.nan1, v.infinity),
                        "v.infinity");
 }
 
 // Tests that *_FLOAT_EQ are reflexive.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, Reflexive) {
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(0.0, 0.0);
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, 1.0);
   ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(values_.infinity, values_.infinity);
 }
 
 // Tests that *_FLOAT_EQ are commutative.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, Commutative) {
   // We already tested EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, values_.close_to_one).
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values_.close_to_one, 1.0);
 
   // We already tested EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, values_.further_from_one).
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(values_.further_from_one, 1.0),
                           "1.0");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_NEAR.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, EXPECT_NEAR) {
   EXPECT_NEAR(-1.0f, -1.1f, 0.2f);
   EXPECT_NEAR(2.0f, 3.0f, 1.0f);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NEAR(1.0f,1.5f, 0.25f),  // NOLINT
                           "The difference between 1.0f and 1.5f is 0.5, "
                           "which exceeds 0.25f");
   // To work around a bug in gcc 2.95.0, there is intentionally no
   // space after the first comma in the previous line.
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_NEAR.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, ASSERT_NEAR) {
   ASSERT_NEAR(-1.0f, -1.1f, 0.2f);
   ASSERT_NEAR(2.0f, 3.0f, 1.0f);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NEAR(1.0f,1.5f, 0.25f),  // NOLINT
                        "The difference between 1.0f and 1.5f is 0.5, "
                        "which exceeds 0.25f");
   // To work around a bug in gcc 2.95.0, there is intentionally no
   // space after the first comma in the previous line.
 }
 
 // Tests the cases where FloatLE() should succeed.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, FloatLESucceeds) {
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, 1.0f, 2.0f);  // When val1 < val2,
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, 1.0f, 1.0f);  // val1 == val2,
 
   // or when val1 is greater than, but almost equals to, val2.
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, values_.close_to_positive_zero, 0.0f);
 }
 
 // Tests the cases where FloatLE() should fail.
 TEST_F(FloatTest, FloatLEFails) {
   // When val1 is greater than val2 by a large margin,
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, 2.0f, 1.0f),
                           "(2.0f) <= (1.0f)");
 
   // or by a small yet non-negligible margin,
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, values_.further_from_one, 1.0f);
   }, "(values_.further_from_one) <= (1.0f)");
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, values_.nan1, values_.infinity);
   }, "(values_.nan1) <= (values_.infinity)");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, -values_.infinity, values_.nan1);
   }, "(-values_.infinity) <= (values_.nan1)");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(FloatLE, values_.nan1, values_.nan1);
   }, "(values_.nan1) <= (values_.nan1)");
 }
 
 // Instantiates FloatingPointTest for testing *_DOUBLE_EQ.
 typedef FloatingPointTest<double> DoubleTest;
 
 // Tests that the size of Double::Bits matches the size of double.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, Size) {
   TestSize();
 }
 
 // Tests comparing with +0 and -0.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, Zeros) {
   EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, -0.0);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(-0.0, 1.0),
                           "1.0");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, 1.0),
                        "1.0");
 }
 
 // Tests comparing numbers close to 0.
 //
 // This ensures that *_DOUBLE_EQ handles the sign correctly and no
 // overflow occurs when comparing numbers whose absolute value is very
 // small.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, AlmostZeros) {
   // In C++Builder, names within local classes (such as used by
   // EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE) cannot be resolved against static members of the
   // scoping class.  Use a static local alias as a workaround.
   // We use the assignment syntax since some compilers, like Sun Studio,
   // don't allow initializing references using construction syntax
   // (parentheses).
   static const DoubleTest::TestValues& v = this->values_;
 
   EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, v.close_to_positive_zero);
   EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(-0.0, v.close_to_negative_zero);
   EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(v.close_to_positive_zero, v.close_to_negative_zero);
 
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(v.close_to_positive_zero,
                      v.further_from_negative_zero);
   }, "v.further_from_negative_zero");
 }
 
 // Tests comparing numbers close to each other.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, SmallDiff) {
   EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.0, values_.close_to_one);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.0, values_.further_from_one),
                           "values_.further_from_one");
 }
 
 // Tests comparing numbers far apart.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, LargeDiff) {
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(2.0, 3.0),
                           "3.0");
 }
 
 // Tests comparing with infinity.
 //
 // This ensures that no overflow occurs when comparing numbers whose
 // absolute value is very large.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, Infinity) {
   EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(values_.infinity, values_.close_to_infinity);
   EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(-values_.infinity, -values_.close_to_infinity);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(values_.infinity, -values_.infinity),
                           "-values_.infinity");
 
   // This is interesting as the representations of infinity_ and nan1_
   // are only 1 DLP apart.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(values_.infinity, values_.nan1),
                           "values_.nan1");
 }
 
 // Tests that comparing with NAN always returns false.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, NaN) {
   static const DoubleTest::TestValues& v = this->values_;
 
   // Nokia's STLport crashes if we try to output infinity or NaN.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(v.nan1, v.nan1),
                           "v.nan1");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(v.nan1, v.nan2), "v.nan2");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.0, v.nan1), "v.nan1");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(v.nan1, v.infinity),
                        "v.infinity");
 }
 
 // Tests that *_DOUBLE_EQ are reflexive.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, Reflexive) {
   EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(0.0, 0.0);
   EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.0, 1.0);
   ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(values_.infinity, values_.infinity);
 }
 
 // Tests that *_DOUBLE_EQ are commutative.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, Commutative) {
   // We already tested EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.0, values_.close_to_one).
   EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(values_.close_to_one, 1.0);
 
   // We already tested EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.0, values_.further_from_one).
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(values_.further_from_one, 1.0),
                           "1.0");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_NEAR.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, EXPECT_NEAR) {
   EXPECT_NEAR(-1.0, -1.1, 0.2);
   EXPECT_NEAR(2.0, 3.0, 1.0);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NEAR(1.0, 1.5, 0.25),  // NOLINT
                           "The difference between 1.0 and 1.5 is 0.5, "
                           "which exceeds 0.25");
   // To work around a bug in gcc 2.95.0, there is intentionally no
   // space after the first comma in the previous statement.
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_NEAR.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, ASSERT_NEAR) {
   ASSERT_NEAR(-1.0, -1.1, 0.2);
   ASSERT_NEAR(2.0, 3.0, 1.0);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NEAR(1.0, 1.5, 0.25),  // NOLINT
                        "The difference between 1.0 and 1.5 is 0.5, "
                        "which exceeds 0.25");
   // To work around a bug in gcc 2.95.0, there is intentionally no
   // space after the first comma in the previous statement.
 }
 
 // Tests the cases where DoubleLE() should succeed.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, DoubleLESucceeds) {
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, 1.0, 2.0);  // When val1 < val2,
   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, 1.0, 1.0);  // val1 == val2,
 
   // or when val1 is greater than, but almost equals to, val2.
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, values_.close_to_positive_zero, 0.0);
 }
 
 // Tests the cases where DoubleLE() should fail.
 TEST_F(DoubleTest, DoubleLEFails) {
   // When val1 is greater than val2 by a large margin,
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, 2.0, 1.0),
                           "(2.0) <= (1.0)");
 
   // or by a small yet non-negligible margin,
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, values_.further_from_one, 1.0);
   }, "(values_.further_from_one) <= (1.0)");
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, values_.nan1, values_.infinity);
   }, "(values_.nan1) <= (values_.infinity)");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, -values_.infinity, values_.nan1);
   }, " (-values_.infinity) <= (values_.nan1)");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(DoubleLE, values_.nan1, values_.nan1);
   }, "(values_.nan1) <= (values_.nan1)");
 }
 
 
 // Verifies that a test or test case whose name starts with DISABLED_ is
 // not run.
 
 // A test whose name starts with DISABLED_.
 // Should not run.
 TEST(DisabledTest, DISABLED_TestShouldNotRun) {
   FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Disabled test should not be run.";
 }
 
 // A test whose name does not start with DISABLED_.
 // Should run.
 TEST(DisabledTest, NotDISABLED_TestShouldRun) {
   EXPECT_EQ(1, 1);
 }
 
 // A test case whose name starts with DISABLED_.
 // Should not run.
 TEST(DISABLED_TestSuite, TestShouldNotRun) {
   FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Test in disabled test case should not be run.";
 }
 
 // A test case and test whose names start with DISABLED_.
 // Should not run.
 TEST(DISABLED_TestSuite, DISABLED_TestShouldNotRun) {
   FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Test in disabled test case should not be run.";
 }
 
 // Check that when all tests in a test case are disabled, SetUpTestSuite() and
 // TearDownTestSuite() are not called.
 class DisabledTestsTest : public Test {
  protected:
   static void SetUpTestSuite() {
     FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: All tests disabled in test case. "
               "SetUpTestSuite() should not be called.";
   }
 
   static void TearDownTestSuite() {
     FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: All tests disabled in test case. "
               "TearDownTestSuite() should not be called.";
   }
 };
 
 TEST_F(DisabledTestsTest, DISABLED_TestShouldNotRun_1) {
   FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Disabled test should not be run.";
 }
 
 TEST_F(DisabledTestsTest, DISABLED_TestShouldNotRun_2) {
   FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Disabled test should not be run.";
 }
 
 // Tests that disabled typed tests aren't run.
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
 
 template <typename T>
 class TypedTest : public Test {
 };
 
 typedef testing::Types<int, double> NumericTypes;
 TYPED_TEST_SUITE(TypedTest, NumericTypes);
 
 TYPED_TEST(TypedTest, DISABLED_ShouldNotRun) {
   FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Disabled typed test should not run.";
 }
 
 template <typename T>
 class DISABLED_TypedTest : public Test {
 };
 
 TYPED_TEST_SUITE(DISABLED_TypedTest, NumericTypes);
 
 TYPED_TEST(DISABLED_TypedTest, ShouldNotRun) {
   FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: Disabled typed test should not run.";
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
 
 // Tests that disabled type-parameterized tests aren't run.
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
 
 template <typename T>
 class TypedTestP : public Test {
 };
 
 TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(TypedTestP);
 
 TYPED_TEST_P(TypedTestP, DISABLED_ShouldNotRun) {
   FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: "
          << "Disabled type-parameterized test should not run.";
 }
 
 REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(TypedTestP, DISABLED_ShouldNotRun);
 
 INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(My, TypedTestP, NumericTypes);
 
 template <typename T>
 class DISABLED_TypedTestP : public Test {
 };
 
 TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DISABLED_TypedTestP);
 
 TYPED_TEST_P(DISABLED_TypedTestP, ShouldNotRun) {
   FAIL() << "Unexpected failure: "
          << "Disabled type-parameterized test should not run.";
 }
 
 REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DISABLED_TypedTestP, ShouldNotRun);
 
 INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(My, DISABLED_TypedTestP, NumericTypes);
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P
 
 // Tests that assertion macros evaluate their arguments exactly once.
 
 class SingleEvaluationTest : public Test {
  public:  // Must be public and not protected due to a bug in g++ 3.4.2.
   // This helper function is needed by the FailedASSERT_STREQ test
   // below.  It's public to work around C++Builder's bug with scoping local
   // classes.
   static void CompareAndIncrementCharPtrs() {
     ASSERT_STREQ(p1_++, p2_++);
   }
 
   // This helper function is needed by the FailedASSERT_NE test below.  It's
   // public to work around C++Builder's bug with scoping local classes.
   static void CompareAndIncrementInts() {
     ASSERT_NE(a_++, b_++);
   }
 
  protected:
   SingleEvaluationTest() {
     p1_ = s1_;
     p2_ = s2_;
     a_ = 0;
     b_ = 0;
   }
 
   static const char* const s1_;
   static const char* const s2_;
   static const char* p1_;
   static const char* p2_;
 
   static int a_;
   static int b_;
 };
 
 const char* const SingleEvaluationTest::s1_ = "01234";
 const char* const SingleEvaluationTest::s2_ = "abcde";
 const char* SingleEvaluationTest::p1_;
 const char* SingleEvaluationTest::p2_;
 int SingleEvaluationTest::a_;
 int SingleEvaluationTest::b_;
 
 // Tests that when ASSERT_STREQ fails, it evaluates its arguments
 // exactly once.
 TEST_F(SingleEvaluationTest, FailedASSERT_STREQ) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(SingleEvaluationTest::CompareAndIncrementCharPtrs(),
                        "p2_++");
   EXPECT_EQ(s1_ + 1, p1_);
   EXPECT_EQ(s2_ + 1, p2_);
 }
 
 // Tests that string assertion arguments are evaluated exactly once.
 TEST_F(SingleEvaluationTest, ASSERT_STR) {
   // successful EXPECT_STRNE
   EXPECT_STRNE(p1_++, p2_++);
   EXPECT_EQ(s1_ + 1, p1_);
   EXPECT_EQ(s2_ + 1, p2_);
 
   // failed EXPECT_STRCASEEQ
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(p1_++, p2_++),
                           "Ignoring case");
   EXPECT_EQ(s1_ + 2, p1_);
   EXPECT_EQ(s2_ + 2, p2_);
 }
 
 // Tests that when ASSERT_NE fails, it evaluates its arguments exactly
 // once.
 TEST_F(SingleEvaluationTest, FailedASSERT_NE) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(SingleEvaluationTest::CompareAndIncrementInts(),
                        "(a_++) != (b_++)");
   EXPECT_EQ(1, a_);
   EXPECT_EQ(1, b_);
 }
 
 // Tests that assertion arguments are evaluated exactly once.
 TEST_F(SingleEvaluationTest, OtherCases) {
   // successful EXPECT_TRUE
   EXPECT_TRUE(0 == a_++);  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_EQ(1, a_);
 
   // failed EXPECT_TRUE
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(-1 == a_++), "-1 == a_++");
   EXPECT_EQ(2, a_);
 
   // successful EXPECT_GT
   EXPECT_GT(a_++, b_++);
   EXPECT_EQ(3, a_);
   EXPECT_EQ(1, b_);
 
   // failed EXPECT_LT
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(a_++, b_++), "(a_++) < (b_++)");
   EXPECT_EQ(4, a_);
   EXPECT_EQ(2, b_);
 
   // successful ASSERT_TRUE
   ASSERT_TRUE(0 < a_++);  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_EQ(5, a_);
 
   // successful ASSERT_GT
   ASSERT_GT(a_++, b_++);
   EXPECT_EQ(6, a_);
   EXPECT_EQ(3, b_);
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 void ThrowAnInteger() {
   throw 1;
 }
 
 // Tests that assertion arguments are evaluated exactly once.
 TEST_F(SingleEvaluationTest, ExceptionTests) {
   // successful EXPECT_THROW
   EXPECT_THROW({  // NOLINT
     a_++;
     ThrowAnInteger();
   }, int);
   EXPECT_EQ(1, a_);
 
   // failed EXPECT_THROW, throws different
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THROW({  // NOLINT
     a_++;
     ThrowAnInteger();
   }, bool), "throws a different type");
   EXPECT_EQ(2, a_);
 
   // failed EXPECT_THROW, throws nothing
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THROW(a_++, bool), "throws nothing");
   EXPECT_EQ(3, a_);
 
   // successful EXPECT_NO_THROW
   EXPECT_NO_THROW(a_++);
   EXPECT_EQ(4, a_);
 
   // failed EXPECT_NO_THROW
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NO_THROW({  // NOLINT
     a_++;
     ThrowAnInteger();
   }), "it throws");
   EXPECT_EQ(5, a_);
 
   // successful EXPECT_ANY_THROW
   EXPECT_ANY_THROW({  // NOLINT
     a_++;
     ThrowAnInteger();
   });
   EXPECT_EQ(6, a_);
 
   // failed EXPECT_ANY_THROW
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_ANY_THROW(a_++), "it doesn't");
   EXPECT_EQ(7, a_);
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // Tests {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NO_FATAL_FAILURE.
 class NoFatalFailureTest : public Test {
  protected:
   void Succeeds() {}
   void FailsNonFatal() {
     ADD_FAILURE() << "some non-fatal failure";
   }
   void Fails() {
     FAIL() << "some fatal failure";
   }
 
   void DoAssertNoFatalFailureOnFails() {
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Fails());
     ADD_FAILURE() << "should not reach here.";
   }
 
   void DoExpectNoFatalFailureOnFails() {
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Fails());
     ADD_FAILURE() << "other failure";
   }
 };
 
 TEST_F(NoFatalFailureTest, NoFailure) {
   EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Succeeds());
   ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Succeeds());
 }
 
 TEST_F(NoFatalFailureTest, NonFatalIsNoFailure) {
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
       EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(FailsNonFatal()),
       "some non-fatal failure");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
       ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(FailsNonFatal()),
       "some non-fatal failure");
 }
 
 TEST_F(NoFatalFailureTest, AssertNoFatalFailureOnFatalFailure) {
   TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;
   {
     ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(&gtest_failures);
     DoAssertNoFatalFailureOnFails();
   }
   ASSERT_EQ(2, gtest_failures.size());
   EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
             gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(0).type());
   EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
             gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(1).type());
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "some fatal failure",
                       gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(0).message());
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "it does",
                       gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(1).message());
 }
 
 TEST_F(NoFatalFailureTest, ExpectNoFatalFailureOnFatalFailure) {
   TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;
   {
     ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(&gtest_failures);
     DoExpectNoFatalFailureOnFails();
   }
   ASSERT_EQ(3, gtest_failures.size());
   EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
             gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(0).type());
   EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure,
             gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(1).type());
   EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure,
             gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(2).type());
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "some fatal failure",
                       gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(0).message());
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "it does",
                       gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(1).message());
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "other failure",
                       gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(2).message());
 }
 
 TEST_F(NoFatalFailureTest, MessageIsStreamable) {
   TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;
   {
     ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(&gtest_failures);
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << "foo") << "my message";
   }
   ASSERT_EQ(2, gtest_failures.size());
   EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure,
             gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(0).type());
   EXPECT_EQ(TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure,
             gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(1).type());
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "foo",
                       gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(0).message());
   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::IsSubstring, "my message",
                       gtest_failures.GetTestPartResult(1).message());
 }
 
 // Tests non-string assertions.
 
 std::string EditsToString(const std::vector<EditType>& edits) {
   std::string out;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < edits.size(); ++i) {
     static const char kEdits[] = " +-/";
     out.append(1, kEdits[edits[i]]);
   }
   return out;
 }
 
 std::vector<size_t> CharsToIndices(const std::string& str) {
   std::vector<size_t> out;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
     out.push_back(static_cast<size_t>(str[i]));
   }
   return out;
 }
 
 std::vector<std::string> CharsToLines(const std::string& str) {
   std::vector<std::string> out;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
     out.push_back(str.substr(i, 1));
   }
   return out;
 }
 
 TEST(EditDistance, TestSuites) {
   struct Case {
     int line;
     const char* left;
     const char* right;
     const char* expected_edits;
     const char* expected_diff;
   };
   static const Case kCases[] = {
       // No change.
       {__LINE__, "A", "A", " ", ""},
       {__LINE__, "ABCDE", "ABCDE", "     ", ""},
       // Simple adds.
       {__LINE__, "X", "XA", " +", "@@ +1,2 @@\n X\n+A\n"},
       {__LINE__, "X", "XABCD", " ++++", "@@ +1,5 @@\n X\n+A\n+B\n+C\n+D\n"},
       // Simple removes.
       {__LINE__, "XA", "X", " -", "@@ -1,2 @@\n X\n-A\n"},
       {__LINE__, "XABCD", "X", " ----", "@@ -1,5 @@\n X\n-A\n-B\n-C\n-D\n"},
       // Simple replaces.
       {__LINE__, "A", "a", "/", "@@ -1,1 +1,1 @@\n-A\n+a\n"},
       {__LINE__, "ABCD", "abcd", "////",
        "@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@\n-A\n-B\n-C\n-D\n+a\n+b\n+c\n+d\n"},
       // Path finding.
       {__LINE__, "ABCDEFGH", "ABXEGH1", "  -/ -  +",
        "@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@\n A\n B\n-C\n-D\n+X\n E\n-F\n G\n H\n+1\n"},
       {__LINE__, "AAAABCCCC", "ABABCDCDC", "- /   + / ",
        "@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@\n-A\n A\n-A\n+B\n A\n B\n C\n+D\n C\n-C\n+D\n C\n"},
       {__LINE__, "ABCDE", "BCDCD", "-   +/",
        "@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@\n-A\n B\n C\n D\n-E\n+C\n+D\n"},
       {__LINE__, "ABCDEFGHIJKL", "BCDCDEFGJKLJK", "- ++     --   ++",
        "@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@\n-A\n B\n+C\n+D\n C\n D\n"
        "@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@\n F\n G\n-H\n-I\n J\n K\n L\n+J\n+K\n"},
       {}};
   for (const Case* c = kCases; c->left; ++c) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(c->expected_edits ==
                 EditsToString(CalculateOptimalEdits(CharsToIndices(c->left),
                                                     CharsToIndices(c->right))))
         << "Left <" << c->left << "> Right <" << c->right << "> Edits <"
         << EditsToString(CalculateOptimalEdits(
                CharsToIndices(c->left), CharsToIndices(c->right))) << ">";
     EXPECT_TRUE(c->expected_diff == CreateUnifiedDiff(CharsToLines(c->left),
                                                       CharsToLines(c->right)))
         << "Left <" << c->left << "> Right <" << c->right << "> Diff <"
         << CreateUnifiedDiff(CharsToLines(c->left), CharsToLines(c->right))
         << ">";
   }
 }
 
 // Tests EqFailure(), used for implementing *EQ* assertions.
 TEST(AssertionTest, EqFailure) {
   const std::string foo_val("5"), bar_val("6");
   const std::string msg1(
       EqFailure("foo", "bar", foo_val, bar_val, false)
       .failure_message());
   EXPECT_STREQ(
       "Expected equality of these values:\n"
       "  foo\n"
       "    Which is: 5\n"
       "  bar\n"
       "    Which is: 6",
       msg1.c_str());
 
   const std::string msg2(
       EqFailure("foo", "6", foo_val, bar_val, false)
       .failure_message());
   EXPECT_STREQ(
       "Expected equality of these values:\n"
       "  foo\n"
       "    Which is: 5\n"
       "  6",
       msg2.c_str());
 
   const std::string msg3(
       EqFailure("5", "bar", foo_val, bar_val, false)
       .failure_message());
   EXPECT_STREQ(
       "Expected equality of these values:\n"
       "  5\n"
       "  bar\n"
       "    Which is: 6",
       msg3.c_str());
 
   const std::string msg4(
       EqFailure("5", "6", foo_val, bar_val, false).failure_message());
   EXPECT_STREQ(
       "Expected equality of these values:\n"
       "  5\n"
       "  6",
       msg4.c_str());
 
   const std::string msg5(
       EqFailure("foo", "bar",
                 std::string("\"x\""), std::string("\"y\""),
                 true).failure_message());
   EXPECT_STREQ(
       "Expected equality of these values:\n"
       "  foo\n"
       "    Which is: \"x\"\n"
       "  bar\n"
       "    Which is: \"y\"\n"
       "Ignoring case",
       msg5.c_str());
 }
 
 TEST(AssertionTest, EqFailureWithDiff) {
   const std::string left(
       "1\\n2XXX\\n3\\n5\\n6\\n7\\n8\\n9\\n10\\n11\\n12XXX\\n13\\n14\\n15");
   const std::string right(
       "1\\n2\\n3\\n4\\n5\\n6\\n7\\n8\\n9\\n11\\n12\\n13\\n14");
   const std::string msg1(
       EqFailure("left", "right", left, right, false).failure_message());
   EXPECT_STREQ(
       "Expected equality of these values:\n"
       "  left\n"
       "    Which is: "
       "1\\n2XXX\\n3\\n5\\n6\\n7\\n8\\n9\\n10\\n11\\n12XXX\\n13\\n14\\n15\n"
       "  right\n"
       "    Which is: 1\\n2\\n3\\n4\\n5\\n6\\n7\\n8\\n9\\n11\\n12\\n13\\n14\n"
       "With diff:\n@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@\n 1\n-2XXX\n+2\n 3\n+4\n 5\n 6\n"
       "@@ -7,8 +8,6 @@\n 8\n 9\n-10\n 11\n-12XXX\n+12\n 13\n 14\n-15\n",
       msg1.c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests AppendUserMessage(), used for implementing the *EQ* macros.
 TEST(AssertionTest, AppendUserMessage) {
   const std::string foo("foo");
 
   Message msg;
   EXPECT_STREQ("foo",
                AppendUserMessage(foo, msg).c_str());
 
   msg << "bar";
   EXPECT_STREQ("foo\nbar",
                AppendUserMessage(foo, msg).c_str());
 }
 
 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
 // Silences warnings: "Condition is always true", "Unreachable code"
 # pragma option push -w-ccc -w-rch
 #endif
 
 // Tests ASSERT_TRUE.
 TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_TRUE) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(2 > 1);  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(2 < 1),
                        "2 < 1");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_TRUE(predicate) for predicates returning AssertionResult.
 TEST(AssertionTest, AssertTrueWithAssertionResult) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(ResultIsEven(2));
 #ifndef __BORLANDC__
   // ICE's in C++Builder.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(ResultIsEven(3)),
                        "Value of: ResultIsEven(3)\n"
                        "  Actual: false (3 is odd)\n"
                        "Expected: true");
 #endif
   ASSERT_TRUE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(2));
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(3)),
                        "Value of: ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(3)\n"
                        "  Actual: false (3 is odd)\n"
                        "Expected: true");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_FALSE.
 TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_FALSE) {
   ASSERT_FALSE(2 < 1);  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(2 > 1),
                        "Value of: 2 > 1\n"
                        "  Actual: true\n"
                        "Expected: false");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_FALSE(predicate) for predicates returning AssertionResult.
 TEST(AssertionTest, AssertFalseWithAssertionResult) {
   ASSERT_FALSE(ResultIsEven(3));
 #ifndef __BORLANDC__
   // ICE's in C++Builder.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ResultIsEven(2)),
                        "Value of: ResultIsEven(2)\n"
                        "  Actual: true (2 is even)\n"
                        "Expected: false");
 #endif
   ASSERT_FALSE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(3));
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(2)),
                        "Value of: ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(2)\n"
                        "  Actual: true\n"
                        "Expected: false");
 }
 
 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
 // Restores warnings after previous "#pragma option push" suppressed them
 # pragma option pop
 #endif
 
 // Tests using ASSERT_EQ on double values.  The purpose is to make
 // sure that the specialization we did for integer and anonymous enums
 // isn't used for double arguments.
 TEST(ExpectTest, ASSERT_EQ_Double) {
   // A success.
   ASSERT_EQ(5.6, 5.6);
 
   // A failure.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(5.1, 5.2),
                        "5.1");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_EQ.
 TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_EQ) {
   ASSERT_EQ(5, 2 + 3);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(5, 2*3),
                        "Expected equality of these values:\n"
                        "  5\n"
                        "  2*3\n"
                        "    Which is: 6");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_EQ(NULL, pointer).
 TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_EQ_NULL) {
   // A success.
   const char* p = nullptr;
   // Some older GCC versions may issue a spurious warning in this or the next
   // assertion statement. This warning should not be suppressed with
   // static_cast since the test verifies the ability to use bare NULL as the
   // expected parameter to the macro.
   ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, p);
 
   // A failure.
   static int n = 0;
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, &n), "  &n\n    Which is:");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_EQ(0, non_pointer).  Since the literal 0 can be
 // treated as a null pointer by the compiler, we need to make sure
 // that ASSERT_EQ(0, non_pointer) isn't interpreted by Google Test as
 // ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<void*>(NULL), non_pointer).
 TEST(ExpectTest, ASSERT_EQ_0) {
   int n = 0;
 
   // A success.
   ASSERT_EQ(0, n);
 
   // A failure.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(0, 5.6),
                        "  0\n  5.6");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_NE.
 TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_NE) {
   ASSERT_NE(6, 7);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NE('a', 'a'),
                        "Expected: ('a') != ('a'), "
                        "actual: 'a' (97, 0x61) vs 'a' (97, 0x61)");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_LE.
 TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_LE) {
   ASSERT_LE(2, 3);
   ASSERT_LE(2, 2);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_LE(2, 0),
                        "Expected: (2) <= (0), actual: 2 vs 0");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_LT.
 TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_LT) {
   ASSERT_LT(2, 3);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_LT(2, 2),
                        "Expected: (2) < (2), actual: 2 vs 2");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_GE.
 TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_GE) {
   ASSERT_GE(2, 1);
   ASSERT_GE(2, 2);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_GE(2, 3),
                        "Expected: (2) >= (3), actual: 2 vs 3");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_GT.
 TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_GT) {
   ASSERT_GT(2, 1);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_GT(2, 2),
                        "Expected: (2) > (2), actual: 2 vs 2");
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 void ThrowNothing() {}
 
 // Tests ASSERT_THROW.
 TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_THROW) {
   ASSERT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), int);
 
 # ifndef __BORLANDC__
 
   // ICE's in C++Builder 2007 and 2009.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
       ASSERT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), bool),
       "Expected: ThrowAnInteger() throws an exception of type bool.\n"
       "  Actual: it throws a different type.");
 # endif
 
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
       ASSERT_THROW(ThrowNothing(), bool),
       "Expected: ThrowNothing() throws an exception of type bool.\n"
       "  Actual: it throws nothing.");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_NO_THROW.
 TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_NO_THROW) {
   ASSERT_NO_THROW(ThrowNothing());
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NO_THROW(ThrowAnInteger()),
                        "Expected: ThrowAnInteger() doesn't throw an exception."
                        "\n  Actual: it throws.");
 }
 
 // Tests ASSERT_ANY_THROW.
 TEST(AssertionTest, ASSERT_ANY_THROW) {
   ASSERT_ANY_THROW(ThrowAnInteger());
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
       ASSERT_ANY_THROW(ThrowNothing()),
       "Expected: ThrowNothing() throws an exception.\n"
       "  Actual: it doesn't.");
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // Makes sure we deal with the precedence of <<.  This test should
 // compile.
 TEST(AssertionTest, AssertPrecedence) {
   ASSERT_EQ(1 < 2, true);
   bool false_value = false;
   ASSERT_EQ(true && false_value, false);
 }
 
 // A subroutine used by the following test.
 void TestEq1(int x) {
   ASSERT_EQ(1, x);
 }
 
 // Tests calling a test subroutine that's not part of a fixture.
 TEST(AssertionTest, NonFixtureSubroutine) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(TestEq1(2),
                        "  x\n    Which is: 2");
 }
 
 // An uncopyable class.
 class Uncopyable {
  public:
   explicit Uncopyable(int a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
 
   int value() const { return value_; }
   bool operator==(const Uncopyable& rhs) const {
     return value() == rhs.value();
   }
  private:
   // This constructor deliberately has no implementation, as we don't
   // want this class to be copyable.
   Uncopyable(const Uncopyable&);  // NOLINT
 
   int value_;
 };
 
 ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const Uncopyable& value) {
   return os << value.value();
 }
 
 
 bool IsPositiveUncopyable(const Uncopyable& x) {
   return x.value() > 0;
 }
 
 // A subroutine used by the following test.
 void TestAssertNonPositive() {
   Uncopyable y(-1);
   ASSERT_PRED1(IsPositiveUncopyable, y);
 }
 // A subroutine used by the following test.
 void TestAssertEqualsUncopyable() {
   Uncopyable x(5);
   Uncopyable y(-1);
   ASSERT_EQ(x, y);
 }
 
 // Tests that uncopyable objects can be used in assertions.
 TEST(AssertionTest, AssertWorksWithUncopyableObject) {
   Uncopyable x(5);
   ASSERT_PRED1(IsPositiveUncopyable, x);
   ASSERT_EQ(x, x);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(TestAssertNonPositive(),
     "IsPositiveUncopyable(y) evaluates to false, where\ny evaluates to -1");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(TestAssertEqualsUncopyable(),
                        "Expected equality of these values:\n"
                        "  x\n    Which is: 5\n  y\n    Which is: -1");
 }
 
 // Tests that uncopyable objects can be used in expects.
 TEST(AssertionTest, ExpectWorksWithUncopyableObject) {
   Uncopyable x(5);
   EXPECT_PRED1(IsPositiveUncopyable, x);
   Uncopyable y(-1);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_PRED1(IsPositiveUncopyable, y),
     "IsPositiveUncopyable(y) evaluates to false, where\ny evaluates to -1");
   EXPECT_EQ(x, x);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(x, y),
                           "Expected equality of these values:\n"
                           "  x\n    Which is: 5\n  y\n    Which is: -1");
 }
 
 enum NamedEnum {
   kE1 = 0,
   kE2 = 1
 };
 
 TEST(AssertionTest, NamedEnum) {
   EXPECT_EQ(kE1, kE1);
   EXPECT_LT(kE1, kE2);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(kE1, kE2), "Which is: 0");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(kE1, kE2), "Which is: 1");
 }
 
 // Sun Studio and HP aCC2reject this code.
 #if !defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && !defined(__HP_aCC)
 
 // Tests using assertions with anonymous enums.
 enum {
   kCaseA = -1,
 
 # if GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
   // We want to test the case where the size of the anonymous enum is
   // larger than sizeof(int), to make sure our implementation of the
   // assertions doesn't truncate the enums.  However, MSVC
   // (incorrectly) doesn't allow an enum value to exceed the range of
   // an int, so this has to be conditionally compiled.
   //
   // On Linux, kCaseB and kCaseA have the same value when truncated to
   // int size.  We want to test whether this will confuse the
   // assertions.
   kCaseB = testing::internal::kMaxBiggestInt,
 
 # else
 
   kCaseB = INT_MAX,
 
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
   kCaseC = 42
 };
 
 TEST(AssertionTest, AnonymousEnum) {
 # if GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(kCaseA), static_cast<int>(kCaseB));
 
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX
 
   EXPECT_EQ(kCaseA, kCaseA);
   EXPECT_NE(kCaseA, kCaseB);
   EXPECT_LT(kCaseA, kCaseB);
   EXPECT_LE(kCaseA, kCaseB);
   EXPECT_GT(kCaseB, kCaseA);
   EXPECT_GE(kCaseA, kCaseA);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GE(kCaseA, kCaseB),
                           "(kCaseA) >= (kCaseB)");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GE(kCaseA, kCaseC),
                           "-1 vs 42");
 
   ASSERT_EQ(kCaseA, kCaseA);
   ASSERT_NE(kCaseA, kCaseB);
   ASSERT_LT(kCaseA, kCaseB);
   ASSERT_LE(kCaseA, kCaseB);
   ASSERT_GT(kCaseB, kCaseA);
   ASSERT_GE(kCaseA, kCaseA);
 
 # ifndef __BORLANDC__
 
   // ICE's in C++Builder.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(kCaseA, kCaseB),
                        "  kCaseB\n    Which is: ");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(kCaseA, kCaseC),
                        "\n    Which is: 42");
 # endif
 
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(kCaseA, kCaseC),
                        "\n    Which is: -1");
 }
 
 #endif  // !GTEST_OS_MAC && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 static HRESULT UnexpectedHRESULTFailure() {
   return E_UNEXPECTED;
 }
 
 static HRESULT OkHRESULTSuccess() {
   return S_OK;
 }
 
 static HRESULT FalseHRESULTSuccess() {
   return S_FALSE;
 }
 
 // HRESULT assertion tests test both zero and non-zero
 // success codes as well as failure message for each.
 //
 // Windows CE doesn't support message texts.
 TEST(HRESULTAssertionTest, EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED) {
   EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(S_OK);
   EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(S_FALSE);
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(UnexpectedHRESULTFailure()),
     "Expected: (UnexpectedHRESULTFailure()) succeeds.\n"
     "  Actual: 0x8000FFFF");
 }
 
 TEST(HRESULTAssertionTest, ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED) {
   ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(S_OK);
   ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(S_FALSE);
 
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(UnexpectedHRESULTFailure()),
     "Expected: (UnexpectedHRESULTFailure()) succeeds.\n"
     "  Actual: 0x8000FFFF");
 }
 
 TEST(HRESULTAssertionTest, EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED) {
   EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(E_UNEXPECTED);
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(OkHRESULTSuccess()),
     "Expected: (OkHRESULTSuccess()) fails.\n"
     "  Actual: 0x0");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(FalseHRESULTSuccess()),
     "Expected: (FalseHRESULTSuccess()) fails.\n"
     "  Actual: 0x1");
 }
 
 TEST(HRESULTAssertionTest, ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED) {
   ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(E_UNEXPECTED);
 
 # ifndef __BORLANDC__
 
   // ICE's in C++Builder 2007 and 2009.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(OkHRESULTSuccess()),
     "Expected: (OkHRESULTSuccess()) fails.\n"
     "  Actual: 0x0");
 # endif
 
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(FalseHRESULTSuccess()),
     "Expected: (FalseHRESULTSuccess()) fails.\n"
     "  Actual: 0x1");
 }
 
 // Tests that streaming to the HRESULT macros works.
 TEST(HRESULTAssertionTest, Streaming) {
   EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(S_OK) << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(S_OK) << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(E_UNEXPECTED) << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(E_UNEXPECTED) << "unexpected failure";
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
       EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(E_UNEXPECTED) << "expected failure",
       "expected failure");
 
 # ifndef __BORLANDC__
 
   // ICE's in C++Builder 2007 and 2009.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
       ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(E_UNEXPECTED) << "expected failure",
       "expected failure");
 # endif
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
       EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(S_OK) << "expected failure",
       "expected failure");
 
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
       ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(S_OK) << "expected failure",
       "expected failure");
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
 // Silences warnings: "Condition is always true", "Unreachable code"
 # pragma option push -w-ccc -w-rch
 #endif
 
 // Tests that the assertion macros behave like single statements.
 TEST(AssertionSyntaxTest, BasicAssertionsBehavesLikeSingleStatement) {
   if (AlwaysFalse())
     ASSERT_TRUE(false) << "This should never be executed; "
                           "It's a compilation test only.";
 
   if (AlwaysTrue())
     EXPECT_FALSE(false);
   else
     ;  // NOLINT
 
   if (AlwaysFalse())
     ASSERT_LT(1, 3);
 
   if (AlwaysFalse())
     ;  // NOLINT
   else
     EXPECT_GT(3, 2) << "";
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 // Tests that the compiler will not complain about unreachable code in the
 // EXPECT_THROW/EXPECT_ANY_THROW/EXPECT_NO_THROW macros.
 TEST(ExpectThrowTest, DoesNotGenerateUnreachableCodeWarning) {
   int n = 0;
 
   EXPECT_THROW(throw 1, int);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THROW(n++, int), "");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THROW(throw 1, const char*), "");
   EXPECT_NO_THROW(n++);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NO_THROW(throw 1), "");
   EXPECT_ANY_THROW(throw 1);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_ANY_THROW(n++), "");
 }
 
 TEST(AssertionSyntaxTest, ExceptionAssertionsBehavesLikeSingleStatement) {
   if (AlwaysFalse())
     EXPECT_THROW(ThrowNothing(), bool);
 
   if (AlwaysTrue())
     EXPECT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), int);
   else
     ;  // NOLINT
 
   if (AlwaysFalse())
     EXPECT_NO_THROW(ThrowAnInteger());
 
   if (AlwaysTrue())
     EXPECT_NO_THROW(ThrowNothing());
   else
     ;  // NOLINT
 
   if (AlwaysFalse())
     EXPECT_ANY_THROW(ThrowNothing());
 
   if (AlwaysTrue())
     EXPECT_ANY_THROW(ThrowAnInteger());
   else
     ;  // NOLINT
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 TEST(AssertionSyntaxTest, NoFatalFailureAssertionsBehavesLikeSingleStatement) {
   if (AlwaysFalse())
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL()) << "This should never be executed. "
                                     << "It's a compilation test only.";
   else
     ;  // NOLINT
 
   if (AlwaysFalse())
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL()) << "";
   else
     ;  // NOLINT
 
   if (AlwaysTrue())
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SUCCEED());
   else
     ;  // NOLINT
 
   if (AlwaysFalse())
     ;  // NOLINT
   else
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SUCCEED());
 }
 
 // Tests that the assertion macros work well with switch statements.
 TEST(AssertionSyntaxTest, WorksWithSwitch) {
   switch (0) {
     case 1:
       break;
     default:
       ASSERT_TRUE(true);
   }
 
   switch (0)
     case 0:
       EXPECT_FALSE(false) << "EXPECT_FALSE failed in switch case";
 
   // Binary assertions are implemented using a different code path
   // than the Boolean assertions.  Hence we test them separately.
   switch (0) {
     case 1:
     default:
       ASSERT_EQ(1, 1) << "ASSERT_EQ failed in default switch handler";
   }
 
   switch (0)
     case 0:
       EXPECT_NE(1, 2);
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 void ThrowAString() {
     throw "std::string";
 }
 
 // Test that the exception assertion macros compile and work with const
 // type qualifier.
 TEST(AssertionSyntaxTest, WorksWithConst) {
     ASSERT_THROW(ThrowAString(), const char*);
 
     EXPECT_THROW(ThrowAString(), const char*);
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 }  // namespace
 
 namespace testing {
 
 // Tests that Google Test tracks SUCCEED*.
 TEST(SuccessfulAssertionTest, SUCCEED) {
   SUCCEED();
   SUCCEED() << "OK";
   EXPECT_EQ(2, GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->total_part_count());
 }
 
 // Tests that Google Test doesn't track successful EXPECT_*.
 TEST(SuccessfulAssertionTest, EXPECT) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(true);
   EXPECT_EQ(0, GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->total_part_count());
 }
 
 // Tests that Google Test doesn't track successful EXPECT_STR*.
 TEST(SuccessfulAssertionTest, EXPECT_STR) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("", "");
   EXPECT_EQ(0, GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->total_part_count());
 }
 
 // Tests that Google Test doesn't track successful ASSERT_*.
 TEST(SuccessfulAssertionTest, ASSERT) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(true);
   EXPECT_EQ(0, GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->total_part_count());
 }
 
 // Tests that Google Test doesn't track successful ASSERT_STR*.
 TEST(SuccessfulAssertionTest, ASSERT_STR) {
   ASSERT_STREQ("", "");
   EXPECT_EQ(0, GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->total_part_count());
 }
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
 namespace {
 
 // Tests the message streaming variation of assertions.
 
 TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, EXPECT) {
   EXPECT_EQ(1, 1) << "This should succeed.";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NE(1, 1) << "Expected failure #1.",
                           "Expected failure #1");
   EXPECT_LE(1, 2) << "This should succeed.";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(1, 0) << "Expected failure #2.",
                           "Expected failure #2.");
   EXPECT_GE(1, 0) << "This should succeed.";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GT(1, 2) << "Expected failure #3.",
                           "Expected failure #3.");
 
   EXPECT_STREQ("1", "1") << "This should succeed.";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRNE("1", "1") << "Expected failure #4.",
                           "Expected failure #4.");
   EXPECT_STRCASEEQ("a", "A") << "This should succeed.";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRCASENE("a", "A") << "Expected failure #5.",
                           "Expected failure #5.");
 
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1, 1) << "This should succeed.";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(1, 1.2) << "Expected failure #6.",
                           "Expected failure #6.");
   EXPECT_NEAR(1, 1.1, 0.2) << "This should succeed.";
 }
 
 TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, ASSERT) {
   ASSERT_EQ(1, 1) << "This should succeed.";
   ASSERT_NE(1, 2) << "This should succeed.";
   ASSERT_LE(1, 2) << "This should succeed.";
   ASSERT_LT(1, 2) << "This should succeed.";
   ASSERT_GE(1, 0) << "This should succeed.";
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_GT(1, 2) << "Expected failure.",
                        "Expected failure.");
 }
 
 TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, ASSERT_STR) {
   ASSERT_STREQ("1", "1") << "This should succeed.";
   ASSERT_STRNE("1", "2") << "This should succeed.";
   ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("a", "A") << "This should succeed.";
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRCASENE("a", "A") << "Expected failure.",
                        "Expected failure.");
 }
 
 TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, ASSERT_FLOATING) {
   ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(1, 1) << "This should succeed.";
   ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(1, 1) << "This should succeed.";
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NEAR(1,1.2, 0.1) << "Expect failure.",  // NOLINT
                        "Expect failure.");
   // To work around a bug in gcc 2.95.0, there is intentionally no
   // space after the first comma in the previous statement.
 }
 
 // Tests using ASSERT_FALSE with a streamed message.
 TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, ASSERT_FALSE) {
   ASSERT_FALSE(false) << "This shouldn't fail.";
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     ASSERT_FALSE(true) << "Expected failure: " << 2 << " > " << 1
                        << " evaluates to " << true;
   }, "Expected failure");
 }
 
 // Tests using FAIL with a streamed message.
 TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, FAIL) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << 0,
                        "0");
 }
 
 // Tests using SUCCEED with a streamed message.
 TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, SUCCEED) {
   SUCCEED() << "Success == " << 1;
 }
 
 // Tests using ASSERT_TRUE with a streamed message.
 TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, ASSERT_TRUE) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(true) << "This should succeed.";
   ASSERT_TRUE(true) << true;
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(
       {  // NOLINT
         ASSERT_TRUE(false) << static_cast<const char*>(nullptr)
                            << static_cast<char*>(nullptr);
       },
       "(null)(null)");
 }
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Tests using wide strings in assertion messages.
 TEST(AssertionWithMessageTest, WideStringMessage) {
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_TRUE(false) << L"This failure is expected.\x8119";
   }, "This failure is expected.");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     ASSERT_EQ(1, 2) << "This failure is "
                     << L"expected too.\x8120";
   }, "This failure is expected too.");
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 // Tests EXPECT_TRUE.
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_TRUE) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(true) << "Intentional success";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(false) << "Intentional failure #1.",
                           "Intentional failure #1.");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(false) << "Intentional failure #2.",
                           "Intentional failure #2.");
   EXPECT_TRUE(2 > 1);  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(2 < 1),
                           "Value of: 2 < 1\n"
                           "  Actual: false\n"
                           "Expected: true");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(2 > 3),
                           "2 > 3");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_TRUE(predicate) for predicates returning AssertionResult.
 TEST(ExpectTest, ExpectTrueWithAssertionResult) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(ResultIsEven(2));
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(ResultIsEven(3)),
                           "Value of: ResultIsEven(3)\n"
                           "  Actual: false (3 is odd)\n"
                           "Expected: true");
   EXPECT_TRUE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(2));
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(3)),
                           "Value of: ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(3)\n"
                           "  Actual: false (3 is odd)\n"
                           "Expected: true");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_FALSE with a streamed message.
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_FALSE) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(2 < 1);  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_FALSE(false) << "Intentional success";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(true) << "Intentional failure #1.",
                           "Intentional failure #1.");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(true) << "Intentional failure #2.",
                           "Intentional failure #2.");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(2 > 1),
                           "Value of: 2 > 1\n"
                           "  Actual: true\n"
                           "Expected: false");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(2 < 3),
                           "2 < 3");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_FALSE(predicate) for predicates returning AssertionResult.
 TEST(ExpectTest, ExpectFalseWithAssertionResult) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(ResultIsEven(3));
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(ResultIsEven(2)),
                           "Value of: ResultIsEven(2)\n"
                           "  Actual: true (2 is even)\n"
                           "Expected: false");
   EXPECT_FALSE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(3));
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(2)),
                           "Value of: ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(2)\n"
                           "  Actual: true\n"
                           "Expected: false");
 }
 
 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
 // Restores warnings after previous "#pragma option push" suppressed them
 # pragma option pop
 #endif
 
 // Tests EXPECT_EQ.
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_EQ) {
   EXPECT_EQ(5, 2 + 3);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(5, 2*3),
                           "Expected equality of these values:\n"
                           "  5\n"
                           "  2*3\n"
                           "    Which is: 6");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(5, 2 - 3),
                           "2 - 3");
 }
 
 // Tests using EXPECT_EQ on double values.  The purpose is to make
 // sure that the specialization we did for integer and anonymous enums
 // isn't used for double arguments.
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_EQ_Double) {
   // A success.
   EXPECT_EQ(5.6, 5.6);
 
   // A failure.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(5.1, 5.2),
                           "5.1");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_EQ(NULL, pointer).
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_EQ_NULL) {
   // A success.
   const char* p = nullptr;
   // Some older GCC versions may issue a spurious warning in this or the next
   // assertion statement. This warning should not be suppressed with
   // static_cast since the test verifies the ability to use bare NULL as the
   // expected parameter to the macro.
   EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, p);
 
   // A failure.
   int n = 0;
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, &n), "  &n\n    Which is:");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_EQ(0, non_pointer).  Since the literal 0 can be
 // treated as a null pointer by the compiler, we need to make sure
 // that EXPECT_EQ(0, non_pointer) isn't interpreted by Google Test as
 // EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<void*>(NULL), non_pointer).
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_EQ_0) {
   int n = 0;
 
   // A success.
   EXPECT_EQ(0, n);
 
   // A failure.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(0, 5.6),
                           "  0\n  5.6");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_NE.
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_NE) {
   EXPECT_NE(6, 7);
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NE('a', 'a'),
                           "Expected: ('a') != ('a'), "
                           "actual: 'a' (97, 0x61) vs 'a' (97, 0x61)");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NE(2, 2),
                           "2");
   char* const p0 = nullptr;
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NE(p0, p0),
                           "p0");
   // Only way to get the Nokia compiler to compile the cast
   // is to have a separate void* variable first. Putting
   // the two casts on the same line doesn't work, neither does
   // a direct C-style to char*.
   void* pv1 = (void*)0x1234;  // NOLINT
   char* const p1 = reinterpret_cast<char*>(pv1);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NE(p1, p1),
                           "p1");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_LE.
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_LE) {
   EXPECT_LE(2, 3);
   EXPECT_LE(2, 2);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LE(2, 0),
                           "Expected: (2) <= (0), actual: 2 vs 0");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LE(1.1, 0.9),
                           "(1.1) <= (0.9)");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_LT.
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_LT) {
   EXPECT_LT(2, 3);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(2, 2),
                           "Expected: (2) < (2), actual: 2 vs 2");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(2, 1),
                           "(2) < (1)");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_GE.
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_GE) {
   EXPECT_GE(2, 1);
   EXPECT_GE(2, 2);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GE(2, 3),
                           "Expected: (2) >= (3), actual: 2 vs 3");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GE(0.9, 1.1),
                           "(0.9) >= (1.1)");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_GT.
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_GT) {
   EXPECT_GT(2, 1);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GT(2, 2),
                           "Expected: (2) > (2), actual: 2 vs 2");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GT(2, 3),
                           "(2) > (3)");
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // Tests EXPECT_THROW.
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_THROW) {
   EXPECT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), int);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), bool),
                           "Expected: ThrowAnInteger() throws an exception of "
                           "type bool.\n  Actual: it throws a different type.");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
       EXPECT_THROW(ThrowNothing(), bool),
       "Expected: ThrowNothing() throws an exception of type bool.\n"
       "  Actual: it throws nothing.");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_NO_THROW.
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_NO_THROW) {
   EXPECT_NO_THROW(ThrowNothing());
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NO_THROW(ThrowAnInteger()),
                           "Expected: ThrowAnInteger() doesn't throw an "
                           "exception.\n  Actual: it throws.");
 }
 
 // Tests EXPECT_ANY_THROW.
 TEST(ExpectTest, EXPECT_ANY_THROW) {
   EXPECT_ANY_THROW(ThrowAnInteger());
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(
       EXPECT_ANY_THROW(ThrowNothing()),
       "Expected: ThrowNothing() throws an exception.\n"
       "  Actual: it doesn't.");
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // Make sure we deal with the precedence of <<.
 TEST(ExpectTest, ExpectPrecedence) {
   EXPECT_EQ(1 < 2, true);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(true, true && false),
                           "  true && false\n    Which is: false");
 }
 
 
 // Tests the StreamableToString() function.
 
 // Tests using StreamableToString() on a scalar.
 TEST(StreamableToStringTest, Scalar) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("5", StreamableToString(5).c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests using StreamableToString() on a non-char pointer.
 TEST(StreamableToStringTest, Pointer) {
   int n = 0;
   int* p = &n;
   EXPECT_STRNE("(null)", StreamableToString(p).c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests using StreamableToString() on a NULL non-char pointer.
 TEST(StreamableToStringTest, NullPointer) {
   int* p = nullptr;
   EXPECT_STREQ("(null)", StreamableToString(p).c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests using StreamableToString() on a C string.
 TEST(StreamableToStringTest, CString) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("Foo", StreamableToString("Foo").c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests using StreamableToString() on a NULL C string.
 TEST(StreamableToStringTest, NullCString) {
   char* p = nullptr;
   EXPECT_STREQ("(null)", StreamableToString(p).c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests using streamable values as assertion messages.
 
 // Tests using std::string as an assertion message.
 TEST(StreamableTest, string) {
   static const std::string str(
       "This failure message is a std::string, and is expected.");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << str,
                        str.c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests that we can output strings containing embedded NULs.
 // Limited to Linux because we can only do this with std::string's.
 TEST(StreamableTest, stringWithEmbeddedNUL) {
   static const char char_array_with_nul[] =
       "Here's a NUL\0 and some more string";
   static const std::string string_with_nul(char_array_with_nul,
                                            sizeof(char_array_with_nul)
                                            - 1);  // drops the trailing NUL
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << string_with_nul,
                        "Here's a NUL\\0 and some more string");
 }
 
 // Tests that we can output a NUL char.
 TEST(StreamableTest, NULChar) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     FAIL() << "A NUL" << '\0' << " and some more string";
   }, "A NUL\\0 and some more string");
 }
 
 // Tests using int as an assertion message.
 TEST(StreamableTest, int) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << 900913,
                        "900913");
 }
 
 // Tests using NULL char pointer as an assertion message.
 //
 // In MSVC, streaming a NULL char * causes access violation.  Google Test
 // implemented a workaround (substituting "(null)" for NULL).  This
 // tests whether the workaround works.
 TEST(StreamableTest, NullCharPtr) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << static_cast<const char*>(nullptr), "(null)");
 }
 
 // Tests that basic IO manipulators (endl, ends, and flush) can be
 // streamed to testing::Message.
 TEST(StreamableTest, BasicIoManip) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     FAIL() << "Line 1." << std::endl
            << "A NUL char " << std::ends << std::flush << " in line 2.";
   }, "Line 1.\nA NUL char \\0 in line 2.");
 }
 
 // Tests the macros that haven't been covered so far.
 
 void AddFailureHelper(bool* aborted) {
   *aborted = true;
   ADD_FAILURE() << "Intentional failure.";
   *aborted = false;
 }
 
 // Tests ADD_FAILURE.
 TEST(MacroTest, ADD_FAILURE) {
   bool aborted = true;
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddFailureHelper(&aborted),
                           "Intentional failure.");
   EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
 }
 
 // Tests ADD_FAILURE_AT.
 TEST(MacroTest, ADD_FAILURE_AT) {
   // Verifies that ADD_FAILURE_AT does generate a nonfatal failure and
   // the failure message contains the user-streamed part.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ADD_FAILURE_AT("foo.cc", 42) << "Wrong!", "Wrong!");
 
   // Verifies that the user-streamed part is optional.
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ADD_FAILURE_AT("foo.cc", 42), "Failed");
 
   // Unfortunately, we cannot verify that the failure message contains
   // the right file path and line number the same way, as
   // EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() doesn't get to see the file path and
   // line number.  Instead, we do that in googletest-output-test_.cc.
 }
 
 // Tests FAIL.
 TEST(MacroTest, FAIL) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL(),
                        "Failed");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << "Intentional failure.",
                        "Intentional failure.");
 }
 
 // Tests GTEST_FAIL_AT.
 TEST(MacroTest, GTEST_FAIL_AT) {
   // Verifies that GTEST_FAIL_AT does generate a fatal failure and
   // the failure message contains the user-streamed part.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_FAIL_AT("foo.cc", 42) << "Wrong!", "Wrong!");
 
   // Verifies that the user-streamed part is optional.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_FAIL_AT("foo.cc", 42), "Failed");
 
   // See the ADD_FAIL_AT test above to see how we test that the failure message
   // contains the right filename and line number -- the same applies here.
 }
 
 // Tests SUCCEED
 TEST(MacroTest, SUCCEED) {
   SUCCEED();
   SUCCEED() << "Explicit success.";
 }
 
 // Tests for EXPECT_EQ() and ASSERT_EQ().
 //
 // These tests fail *intentionally*, s.t. the failure messages can be
 // generated and tested.
 //
 // We have different tests for different argument types.
 
 // Tests using bool values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
 TEST(EqAssertionTest, Bool) {
   EXPECT_EQ(true,  true);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({
       bool false_value = false;
       ASSERT_EQ(false_value, true);
     }, "  false_value\n    Which is: false\n  true");
 }
 
 // Tests using int values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
 TEST(EqAssertionTest, Int) {
   ASSERT_EQ(32, 32);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(32, 33),
                           "  32\n  33");
 }
 
 // Tests using time_t values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
 TEST(EqAssertionTest, Time_T) {
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<time_t>(0),
             static_cast<time_t>(0));
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<time_t>(0),
                                  static_cast<time_t>(1234)),
                        "1234");
 }
 
 // Tests using char values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
 TEST(EqAssertionTest, Char) {
   ASSERT_EQ('z', 'z');
   const char ch = 'b';
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ('\0', ch),
                           "  ch\n    Which is: 'b'");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ('a', ch),
                           "  ch\n    Which is: 'b'");
 }
 
 // Tests using wchar_t values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
 TEST(EqAssertionTest, WideChar) {
   EXPECT_EQ(L'b', L'b');
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(L'\0', L'x'),
                           "Expected equality of these values:\n"
                           "  L'\0'\n"
                           "    Which is: L'\0' (0, 0x0)\n"
                           "  L'x'\n"
                           "    Which is: L'x' (120, 0x78)");
 
   static wchar_t wchar;
   wchar = L'b';
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(L'a', wchar),
                           "wchar");
   wchar = 0x8119;
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x8120), wchar),
                        "  wchar\n    Which is: L'");
 }
 
 // Tests using ::std::string values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
 TEST(EqAssertionTest, StdString) {
   // Compares a const char* to an std::string that has identical
   // content.
   ASSERT_EQ("Test", ::std::string("Test"));
 
   // Compares two identical std::strings.
   static const ::std::string str1("A * in the middle");
   static const ::std::string str2(str1);
   EXPECT_EQ(str1, str2);
 
   // Compares a const char* to an std::string that has different
   // content
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ("Test", ::std::string("test")),
                           "\"test\"");
 
   // Compares an std::string to a char* that has different content.
   char* const p1 = const_cast<char*>("foo");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(::std::string("bar"), p1),
                           "p1");
 
   // Compares two std::strings that have different contents, one of
   // which having a NUL character in the middle.  This should fail.
   static ::std::string str3(str1);
   str3.at(2) = '\0';
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(str1, str3),
                        "  str3\n    Which is: \"A \\0 in the middle\"");
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
 // Tests using ::std::wstring values in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
 TEST(EqAssertionTest, StdWideString) {
   // Compares two identical std::wstrings.
   const ::std::wstring wstr1(L"A * in the middle");
   const ::std::wstring wstr2(wstr1);
   ASSERT_EQ(wstr1, wstr2);
 
   // Compares an std::wstring to a const wchar_t* that has identical
   // content.
   const wchar_t kTestX8119[] = { 'T', 'e', 's', 't', 0x8119, '\0' };
   EXPECT_EQ(::std::wstring(kTestX8119), kTestX8119);
 
   // Compares an std::wstring to a const wchar_t* that has different
   // content.
   const wchar_t kTestX8120[] = { 'T', 'e', 's', 't', 0x8120, '\0' };
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     EXPECT_EQ(::std::wstring(kTestX8119), kTestX8120);
   }, "kTestX8120");
 
   // Compares two std::wstrings that have different contents, one of
   // which having a NUL character in the middle.
   ::std::wstring wstr3(wstr1);
   wstr3.at(2) = L'\0';
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(wstr1, wstr3),
                           "wstr3");
 
   // Compares a wchar_t* to an std::wstring that has different
   // content.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
     ASSERT_EQ(const_cast<wchar_t*>(L"foo"), ::std::wstring(L"bar"));
   }, "");
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 
 // Tests using char pointers in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
 TEST(EqAssertionTest, CharPointer) {
   char* const p0 = nullptr;
   // Only way to get the Nokia compiler to compile the cast
   // is to have a separate void* variable first. Putting
   // the two casts on the same line doesn't work, neither does
   // a direct C-style to char*.
   void* pv1 = (void*)0x1234;  // NOLINT
   void* pv2 = (void*)0xABC0;  // NOLINT
   char* const p1 = reinterpret_cast<char*>(pv1);
   char* const p2 = reinterpret_cast<char*>(pv2);
   ASSERT_EQ(p1, p1);
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(p0, p2),
                           "  p2\n    Which is:");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(p1, p2),
                           "  p2\n    Which is:");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<char*>(0x1234),
                                  reinterpret_cast<char*>(0xABC0)),
                        "ABC0");
 }
 
 // Tests using wchar_t pointers in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
 TEST(EqAssertionTest, WideCharPointer) {
   wchar_t* const p0 = nullptr;
   // Only way to get the Nokia compiler to compile the cast
   // is to have a separate void* variable first. Putting
   // the two casts on the same line doesn't work, neither does
   // a direct C-style to char*.
   void* pv1 = (void*)0x1234;  // NOLINT
   void* pv2 = (void*)0xABC0;  // NOLINT
   wchar_t* const p1 = reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(pv1);
   wchar_t* const p2 = reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(pv2);
   EXPECT_EQ(p0, p0);
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(p0, p2),
                           "  p2\n    Which is:");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(p1, p2),
                           "  p2\n    Which is:");
   void* pv3 = (void*)0x1234;  // NOLINT
   void* pv4 = (void*)0xABC0;  // NOLINT
   const wchar_t* p3 = reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(pv3);
   const wchar_t* p4 = reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(pv4);
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(p3, p4),
                           "p4");
 }
 
 // Tests using other types of pointers in {EXPECT|ASSERT}_EQ.
 TEST(EqAssertionTest, OtherPointer) {
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<const int*>(nullptr), static_cast<const int*>(nullptr));
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<const int*>(nullptr),
                                  reinterpret_cast<const int*>(0x1234)),
                        "0x1234");
 }
 
 // A class that supports binary comparison operators but not streaming.
 class UnprintableChar {
  public:
   explicit UnprintableChar(char ch) : char_(ch) {}
 
   bool operator==(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
     return char_ == rhs.char_;
   }
   bool operator!=(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
     return char_ != rhs.char_;
   }
   bool operator<(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
     return char_ < rhs.char_;
   }
   bool operator<=(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
     return char_ <= rhs.char_;
   }
   bool operator>(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
     return char_ > rhs.char_;
   }
   bool operator>=(const UnprintableChar& rhs) const {
     return char_ >= rhs.char_;
   }
 
  private:
   char char_;
 };
 
 // Tests that ASSERT_EQ() and friends don't require the arguments to
 // be printable.
 TEST(ComparisonAssertionTest, AcceptsUnprintableArgs) {
   const UnprintableChar x('x'), y('y');
   ASSERT_EQ(x, x);
   EXPECT_NE(x, y);
   ASSERT_LT(x, y);
   EXPECT_LE(x, y);
   ASSERT_GT(y, x);
   EXPECT_GE(x, x);
 
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(x, y), "1-byte object <78>");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(x, y), "1-byte object <79>");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(y, y), "1-byte object <79>");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GT(x, y), "1-byte object <78>");
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_GT(x, y), "1-byte object <79>");
 
   // Code tested by EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE cannot reference local
   // variables, so we have to write UnprintableChar('x') instead of x.
 #ifndef __BORLANDC__
   // ICE's in C++Builder.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NE(UnprintableChar('x'), UnprintableChar('x')),
                        "1-byte object <78>");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_LE(UnprintableChar('y'), UnprintableChar('x')),
                        "1-byte object <78>");
 #endif
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_LE(UnprintableChar('y'), UnprintableChar('x')),
                        "1-byte object <79>");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_GE(UnprintableChar('x'), UnprintableChar('y')),
                        "1-byte object <78>");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_GE(UnprintableChar('x'), UnprintableChar('y')),
                        "1-byte object <79>");
 }
 
 // Tests the FRIEND_TEST macro.
 
 // This class has a private member we want to test.  We will test it
 // both in a TEST and in a TEST_F.
 class Foo {
  public:
   Foo() {}
 
  private:
   int Bar() const { return 1; }
 
   // Declares the friend tests that can access the private member
   // Bar().
   FRIEND_TEST(FRIEND_TEST_Test, TEST);
   FRIEND_TEST(FRIEND_TEST_Test2, TEST_F);
 };
 
 // Tests that the FRIEND_TEST declaration allows a TEST to access a
 // class's private members.  This should compile.
 TEST(FRIEND_TEST_Test, TEST) {
   ASSERT_EQ(1, Foo().Bar());
 }
 
 // The fixture needed to test using FRIEND_TEST with TEST_F.
 class FRIEND_TEST_Test2 : public Test {
  protected:
   Foo foo;
 };
 
 // Tests that the FRIEND_TEST declaration allows a TEST_F to access a
 // class's private members.  This should compile.
 TEST_F(FRIEND_TEST_Test2, TEST_F) {
   ASSERT_EQ(1, foo.Bar());
 }
 
 // Tests the life cycle of Test objects.
 
 // The test fixture for testing the life cycle of Test objects.
 //
 // This class counts the number of live test objects that uses this
 // fixture.
 class TestLifeCycleTest : public Test {
  protected:
   // Constructor.  Increments the number of test objects that uses
   // this fixture.
   TestLifeCycleTest() { count_++; }
 
   // Destructor.  Decrements the number of test objects that uses this
   // fixture.
   ~TestLifeCycleTest() override { count_--; }
 
   // Returns the number of live test objects that uses this fixture.
   int count() const { return count_; }
 
  private:
   static int count_;
 };
 
 int TestLifeCycleTest::count_ = 0;
 
 // Tests the life cycle of test objects.
 TEST_F(TestLifeCycleTest, Test1) {
   // There should be only one test object in this test case that's
   // currently alive.
   ASSERT_EQ(1, count());
 }
 
 // Tests the life cycle of test objects.
 TEST_F(TestLifeCycleTest, Test2) {
   // After Test1 is done and Test2 is started, there should still be
   // only one live test object, as the object for Test1 should've been
   // deleted.
   ASSERT_EQ(1, count());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 // Tests that the copy constructor works when it is NOT optimized away by
 // the compiler.
 TEST(AssertionResultTest, CopyConstructorWorksWhenNotOptimied) {
   // Checks that the copy constructor doesn't try to dereference NULL pointers
   // in the source object.
   AssertionResult r1 = AssertionSuccess();
   AssertionResult r2 = r1;
   // The following line is added to prevent the compiler from optimizing
   // away the constructor call.
   r1 << "abc";
 
   AssertionResult r3 = r1;
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<bool>(r3), static_cast<bool>(r1));
   EXPECT_STREQ("abc", r1.message());
 }
 
 // Tests that AssertionSuccess and AssertionFailure construct
 // AssertionResult objects as expected.
 TEST(AssertionResultTest, ConstructionWorks) {
   AssertionResult r1 = AssertionSuccess();
   EXPECT_TRUE(r1);
   EXPECT_STREQ("", r1.message());
 
   AssertionResult r2 = AssertionSuccess() << "abc";
   EXPECT_TRUE(r2);
   EXPECT_STREQ("abc", r2.message());
 
   AssertionResult r3 = AssertionFailure();
   EXPECT_FALSE(r3);
   EXPECT_STREQ("", r3.message());
 
   AssertionResult r4 = AssertionFailure() << "def";
   EXPECT_FALSE(r4);
   EXPECT_STREQ("def", r4.message());
 
   AssertionResult r5 = AssertionFailure(Message() << "ghi");
   EXPECT_FALSE(r5);
   EXPECT_STREQ("ghi", r5.message());
 }
 
 // Tests that the negation flips the predicate result but keeps the message.
 TEST(AssertionResultTest, NegationWorks) {
   AssertionResult r1 = AssertionSuccess() << "abc";
   EXPECT_FALSE(!r1);
   EXPECT_STREQ("abc", (!r1).message());
 
   AssertionResult r2 = AssertionFailure() << "def";
   EXPECT_TRUE(!r2);
   EXPECT_STREQ("def", (!r2).message());
 }
 
 TEST(AssertionResultTest, StreamingWorks) {
   AssertionResult r = AssertionSuccess();
   r << "abc" << 'd' << 0 << true;
   EXPECT_STREQ("abcd0true", r.message());
 }
 
 TEST(AssertionResultTest, CanStreamOstreamManipulators) {
   AssertionResult r = AssertionSuccess();
   r << "Data" << std::endl << std::flush << std::ends << "Will be visible";
   EXPECT_STREQ("Data\n\\0Will be visible", r.message());
 }
 
 // The next test uses explicit conversion operators
 
 TEST(AssertionResultTest, ConstructibleFromContextuallyConvertibleToBool) {
   struct ExplicitlyConvertibleToBool {
     explicit operator bool() const { return value; }
     bool value;
   };
   ExplicitlyConvertibleToBool v1 = {false};
   ExplicitlyConvertibleToBool v2 = {true};
   EXPECT_FALSE(v1);
   EXPECT_TRUE(v2);
 }
 
 struct ConvertibleToAssertionResult {
   operator AssertionResult() const { return AssertionResult(true); }
 };
 
 TEST(AssertionResultTest, ConstructibleFromImplicitlyConvertible) {
   ConvertibleToAssertionResult obj;
   EXPECT_TRUE(obj);
 }
 
 // Tests streaming a user type whose definition and operator << are
 // both in the global namespace.
 class Base {
  public:
   explicit Base(int an_x) : x_(an_x) {}
   int x() const { return x_; }
  private:
   int x_;
 };
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
                          const Base& val) {
   return os << val.x();
 }
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
                          const Base* pointer) {
   return os << "(" << pointer->x() << ")";
 }
 
 TEST(MessageTest, CanStreamUserTypeInGlobalNameSpace) {
   Message msg;
   Base a(1);
 
   msg << a << &a;  // Uses ::operator<<.
   EXPECT_STREQ("1(1)", msg.GetString().c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests streaming a user type whose definition and operator<< are
 // both in an unnamed namespace.
 namespace {
 class MyTypeInUnnamedNameSpace : public Base {
  public:
   explicit MyTypeInUnnamedNameSpace(int an_x): Base(an_x) {}
 };
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
                          const MyTypeInUnnamedNameSpace& val) {
   return os << val.x();
 }
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
                          const MyTypeInUnnamedNameSpace* pointer) {
   return os << "(" << pointer->x() << ")";
 }
 }  // namespace
 
 TEST(MessageTest, CanStreamUserTypeInUnnamedNameSpace) {
   Message msg;
   MyTypeInUnnamedNameSpace a(1);
 
   msg << a << &a;  // Uses <unnamed_namespace>::operator<<.
   EXPECT_STREQ("1(1)", msg.GetString().c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests streaming a user type whose definition and operator<< are
 // both in a user namespace.
 namespace namespace1 {
 class MyTypeInNameSpace1 : public Base {
  public:
   explicit MyTypeInNameSpace1(int an_x): Base(an_x) {}
 };
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
                          const MyTypeInNameSpace1& val) {
   return os << val.x();
 }
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
                          const MyTypeInNameSpace1* pointer) {
   return os << "(" << pointer->x() << ")";
 }
 }  // namespace namespace1
 
 TEST(MessageTest, CanStreamUserTypeInUserNameSpace) {
   Message msg;
   namespace1::MyTypeInNameSpace1 a(1);
 
   msg << a << &a;  // Uses namespace1::operator<<.
   EXPECT_STREQ("1(1)", msg.GetString().c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests streaming a user type whose definition is in a user namespace
 // but whose operator<< is in the global namespace.
 namespace namespace2 {
 class MyTypeInNameSpace2 : public ::Base {
  public:
   explicit MyTypeInNameSpace2(int an_x): Base(an_x) {}
 };
 }  // namespace namespace2
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
                          const namespace2::MyTypeInNameSpace2& val) {
   return os << val.x();
 }
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,
                          const namespace2::MyTypeInNameSpace2* pointer) {
   return os << "(" << pointer->x() << ")";
 }
 
 TEST(MessageTest, CanStreamUserTypeInUserNameSpaceWithStreamOperatorInGlobal) {
   Message msg;
   namespace2::MyTypeInNameSpace2 a(1);
 
   msg << a << &a;  // Uses ::operator<<.
   EXPECT_STREQ("1(1)", msg.GetString().c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests streaming NULL pointers to testing::Message.
 TEST(MessageTest, NullPointers) {
   Message msg;
   char* const p1 = nullptr;
   unsigned char* const p2 = nullptr;
   int* p3 = nullptr;
   double* p4 = nullptr;
   bool* p5 = nullptr;
   Message* p6 = nullptr;
 
   msg << p1 << p2 << p3 << p4 << p5 << p6;
   ASSERT_STREQ("(null)(null)(null)(null)(null)(null)",
                msg.GetString().c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests streaming wide strings to testing::Message.
 TEST(MessageTest, WideStrings) {
   // Streams a NULL of type const wchar_t*.
   const wchar_t* const_wstr = nullptr;
   EXPECT_STREQ("(null)",
                (Message() << const_wstr).GetString().c_str());
 
   // Streams a NULL of type wchar_t*.
   wchar_t* wstr = nullptr;
   EXPECT_STREQ("(null)",
                (Message() << wstr).GetString().c_str());
 
   // Streams a non-NULL of type const wchar_t*.
   const_wstr = L"abc\x8119";
   EXPECT_STREQ("abc\xe8\x84\x99",
                (Message() << const_wstr).GetString().c_str());
 
   // Streams a non-NULL of type wchar_t*.
   wstr = const_cast<wchar_t*>(const_wstr);
   EXPECT_STREQ("abc\xe8\x84\x99",
                (Message() << wstr).GetString().c_str());
 }
 
 
 // This line tests that we can define tests in the testing namespace.
 namespace testing {
 
 // Tests the TestInfo class.
 
 class TestInfoTest : public Test {
  protected:
   static const TestInfo* GetTestInfo(const char* test_name) {
     const TestSuite* const test_suite =
         GetUnitTestImpl()->GetTestSuite("TestInfoTest", "", nullptr, nullptr);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < test_suite->total_test_count(); ++i) {
       const TestInfo* const test_info = test_suite->GetTestInfo(i);
       if (strcmp(test_name, test_info->name()) == 0)
         return test_info;
     }
     return nullptr;
   }
 
   static const TestResult* GetTestResult(
       const TestInfo* test_info) {
     return test_info->result();
   }
 };
 
 // Tests TestInfo::test_case_name() and TestInfo::name().
 TEST_F(TestInfoTest, Names) {
   const TestInfo* const test_info = GetTestInfo("Names");
 
   ASSERT_STREQ("TestInfoTest", test_info->test_case_name());
   ASSERT_STREQ("Names", test_info->name());
 }
 
 // Tests TestInfo::result().
 TEST_F(TestInfoTest, result) {
   const TestInfo* const test_info = GetTestInfo("result");
 
   // Initially, there is no TestPartResult for this test.
   ASSERT_EQ(0, GetTestResult(test_info)->total_part_count());
 
   // After the previous assertion, there is still none.
   ASSERT_EQ(0, GetTestResult(test_info)->total_part_count());
 }
 
 #define VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION \
   const int expected_line = __LINE__ - 1; \
   const TestInfo* const test_info = GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_info(); \
   ASSERT_TRUE(test_info); \
   EXPECT_STREQ(__FILE__, test_info->file()); \
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_line, test_info->line())
 
 TEST(CodeLocationForTEST, Verify) {
   VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION;
 }
 
 class CodeLocationForTESTF : public Test {
 };
 
 TEST_F(CodeLocationForTESTF, Verify) {
   VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION;
 }
 
 class CodeLocationForTESTP : public TestWithParam<int> {
 };
 
 TEST_P(CodeLocationForTESTP, Verify) {
   VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION;
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(, CodeLocationForTESTP, Values(0));
 
 template <typename T>
 class CodeLocationForTYPEDTEST : public Test {
 };
 
 TYPED_TEST_SUITE(CodeLocationForTYPEDTEST, int);
 
 TYPED_TEST(CodeLocationForTYPEDTEST, Verify) {
   VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION;
 }
 
 template <typename T>
 class CodeLocationForTYPEDTESTP : public Test {
 };
 
 TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(CodeLocationForTYPEDTESTP);
 
 TYPED_TEST_P(CodeLocationForTYPEDTESTP, Verify) {
   VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION;
 }
 
 REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(CodeLocationForTYPEDTESTP, Verify);
 
 INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(My, CodeLocationForTYPEDTESTP, int);
 
 #undef VERIFY_CODE_LOCATION
 
 // Tests setting up and tearing down a test case.
 // Legacy API is deprecated but still available
 #ifndef REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI
 class SetUpTestCaseTest : public Test {
  protected:
   // This will be called once before the first test in this test case
   // is run.
   static void SetUpTestCase() {
     printf("Setting up the test case . . .\n");
 
     // Initializes some shared resource.  In this simple example, we
     // just create a C string.  More complex stuff can be done if
     // desired.
     shared_resource_ = "123";
 
     // Increments the number of test cases that have been set up.
     counter_++;
 
     // SetUpTestCase() should be called only once.
     EXPECT_EQ(1, counter_);
   }
 
   // This will be called once after the last test in this test case is
   // run.
   static void TearDownTestCase() {
     printf("Tearing down the test case . . .\n");
 
     // Decrements the number of test cases that have been set up.
     counter_--;
 
     // TearDownTestCase() should be called only once.
     EXPECT_EQ(0, counter_);
 
     // Cleans up the shared resource.
     shared_resource_ = nullptr;
   }
 
   // This will be called before each test in this test case.
   void SetUp() override {
     // SetUpTestCase() should be called only once, so counter_ should
     // always be 1.
     EXPECT_EQ(1, counter_);
   }
 
   // Number of test cases that have been set up.
   static int counter_;
 
   // Some resource to be shared by all tests in this test case.
   static const char* shared_resource_;
 };
 
 int SetUpTestCaseTest::counter_ = 0;
 const char* SetUpTestCaseTest::shared_resource_ = nullptr;
 
 // A test that uses the shared resource.
 TEST_F(SetUpTestCaseTest, Test1) { EXPECT_STRNE(nullptr, shared_resource_); }
 
 // Another test that uses the shared resource.
 TEST_F(SetUpTestCaseTest, Test2) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("123", shared_resource_);
 }
 #endif  //  REMOVE_LEGACY_TEST_CASEAPI
 
 // Tests SetupTestSuite/TearDown TestSuite
 class SetUpTestSuiteTest : public Test {
  protected:
   // This will be called once before the first test in this test case
   // is run.
   static void SetUpTestSuite() {
     printf("Setting up the test suite . . .\n");
 
     // Initializes some shared resource.  In this simple example, we
     // just create a C string.  More complex stuff can be done if
     // desired.
     shared_resource_ = "123";
 
     // Increments the number of test cases that have been set up.
     counter_++;
 
     // SetUpTestSuite() should be called only once.
     EXPECT_EQ(1, counter_);
   }
 
   // This will be called once after the last test in this test case is
   // run.
   static void TearDownTestSuite() {
     printf("Tearing down the test suite . . .\n");
 
     // Decrements the number of test suites that have been set up.
     counter_--;
 
     // TearDownTestSuite() should be called only once.
     EXPECT_EQ(0, counter_);
 
     // Cleans up the shared resource.
     shared_resource_ = nullptr;
   }
 
   // This will be called before each test in this test case.
   void SetUp() override {
     // SetUpTestSuite() should be called only once, so counter_ should
     // always be 1.
     EXPECT_EQ(1, counter_);
   }
 
   // Number of test suites that have been set up.
   static int counter_;
 
   // Some resource to be shared by all tests in this test case.
   static const char* shared_resource_;
 };
 
 int SetUpTestSuiteTest::counter_ = 0;
 const char* SetUpTestSuiteTest::shared_resource_ = nullptr;
 
 // A test that uses the shared resource.
 TEST_F(SetUpTestSuiteTest, TestSetupTestSuite1) {
   EXPECT_STRNE(nullptr, shared_resource_);
 }
 
 // Another test that uses the shared resource.
 TEST_F(SetUpTestSuiteTest, TestSetupTestSuite2) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("123", shared_resource_);
 }
 
 // The ParseFlagsTest test case tests ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.
 
 // The Flags struct stores a copy of all Google Test flags.
 struct Flags {
   // Constructs a Flags struct where each flag has its default value.
   Flags() : also_run_disabled_tests(false),
             break_on_failure(false),
             catch_exceptions(false),
             death_test_use_fork(false),
             filter(""),
             list_tests(false),
             output(""),
             print_time(true),
             random_seed(0),
             repeat(1),
             shuffle(false),
             stack_trace_depth(kMaxStackTraceDepth),
             stream_result_to(""),
             throw_on_failure(false) {}
 
   // Factory methods.
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_also_run_disabled_tests flag has
   // the given value.
   static Flags AlsoRunDisabledTests(bool also_run_disabled_tests) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.also_run_disabled_tests = also_run_disabled_tests;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_break_on_failure flag has
   // the given value.
   static Flags BreakOnFailure(bool break_on_failure) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.break_on_failure = break_on_failure;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_catch_exceptions flag has
   // the given value.
   static Flags CatchExceptions(bool catch_exceptions) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.catch_exceptions = catch_exceptions;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_death_test_use_fork flag has
   // the given value.
   static Flags DeathTestUseFork(bool death_test_use_fork) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.death_test_use_fork = death_test_use_fork;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_filter flag has the given
   // value.
   static Flags Filter(const char* filter) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.filter = filter;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_list_tests flag has the
   // given value.
   static Flags ListTests(bool list_tests) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.list_tests = list_tests;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_output flag has the given
   // value.
   static Flags Output(const char* output) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.output = output;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_print_time flag has the given
   // value.
   static Flags PrintTime(bool print_time) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.print_time = print_time;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_random_seed flag has the given
   // value.
   static Flags RandomSeed(Int32 random_seed) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.random_seed = random_seed;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_repeat flag has the given
   // value.
   static Flags Repeat(Int32 repeat) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.repeat = repeat;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_shuffle flag has the given
   // value.
   static Flags Shuffle(bool shuffle) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.shuffle = shuffle;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) flag has
   // the given value.
   static Flags StackTraceDepth(Int32 stack_trace_depth) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.stack_trace_depth = stack_trace_depth;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) flag has
   // the given value.
   static Flags StreamResultTo(const char* stream_result_to) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.stream_result_to = stream_result_to;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // Creates a Flags struct where the gtest_throw_on_failure flag has
   // the given value.
   static Flags ThrowOnFailure(bool throw_on_failure) {
     Flags flags;
     flags.throw_on_failure = throw_on_failure;
     return flags;
   }
 
   // These fields store the flag values.
   bool also_run_disabled_tests;
   bool break_on_failure;
   bool catch_exceptions;
   bool death_test_use_fork;
   const char* filter;
   bool list_tests;
   const char* output;
   bool print_time;
   Int32 random_seed;
   Int32 repeat;
   bool shuffle;
   Int32 stack_trace_depth;
   const char* stream_result_to;
   bool throw_on_failure;
 };
 
 // Fixture for testing ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly().
 class ParseFlagsTest : public Test {
  protected:
   // Clears the flags before each test.
   void SetUp() override {
     GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(filter) = "";
     GTEST_FLAG(list_tests) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(output) = "";
     GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = true;
     GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = 0;
     GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = 1;
     GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = false;
     GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) = kMaxStackTraceDepth;
     GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = "";
     GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = false;
   }
 
   // Asserts that two narrow or wide string arrays are equal.
   template <typename CharType>
   static void AssertStringArrayEq(int size1, CharType** array1, int size2,
                                   CharType** array2) {
     ASSERT_EQ(size1, size2) << " Array sizes different.";
 
     for (int i = 0; i != size1; i++) {
       ASSERT_STREQ(array1[i], array2[i]) << " where i == " << i;
     }
   }
 
   // Verifies that the flag values match the expected values.
   static void CheckFlags(const Flags& expected) {
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.also_run_disabled_tests,
               GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests));
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.break_on_failure, GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure));
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.catch_exceptions, GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.death_test_use_fork, GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork));
     EXPECT_STREQ(expected.filter, GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str());
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.list_tests, GTEST_FLAG(list_tests));
     EXPECT_STREQ(expected.output, GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str());
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.print_time, GTEST_FLAG(print_time));
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.random_seed, GTEST_FLAG(random_seed));
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.repeat, GTEST_FLAG(repeat));
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.shuffle, GTEST_FLAG(shuffle));
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.stack_trace_depth, GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth));
     EXPECT_STREQ(expected.stream_result_to,
                  GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to).c_str());
     EXPECT_EQ(expected.throw_on_failure, GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure));
   }
 
   // Parses a command line (specified by argc1 and argv1), then
   // verifies that the flag values are expected and that the
   // recognized flags are removed from the command line.
   template <typename CharType>
   static void TestParsingFlags(int argc1, const CharType** argv1,
                                int argc2, const CharType** argv2,
                                const Flags& expected, bool should_print_help) {
     const bool saved_help_flag = ::testing::internal::g_help_flag;
     ::testing::internal::g_help_flag = false;
 
 # if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
     CaptureStdout();
 # endif
 
     // Parses the command line.
     internal::ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(&argc1, const_cast<CharType**>(argv1));
 
 # if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
     const std::string captured_stdout = GetCapturedStdout();
 # endif
 
     // Verifies the flag values.
     CheckFlags(expected);
 
     // Verifies that the recognized flags are removed from the command
     // line.
     AssertStringArrayEq(argc1 + 1, argv1, argc2 + 1, argv2);
 
     // ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly should neither set g_help_flag nor print the
     // help message for the flags it recognizes.
     EXPECT_EQ(should_print_help, ::testing::internal::g_help_flag);
 
 # if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
     const char* const expected_help_fragment =
         "This program contains tests written using";
     if (should_print_help) {
       EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsSubstring, expected_help_fragment, captured_stdout);
     } else {
       EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsNotSubstring,
                           expected_help_fragment, captured_stdout);
     }
 # endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
     ::testing::internal::g_help_flag = saved_help_flag;
   }
 
   // This macro wraps TestParsingFlags s.t. the user doesn't need
   // to specify the array sizes.
 
 # define GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv1, argv2, expected, should_print_help) \
   TestParsingFlags(sizeof(argv1)/sizeof(*argv1) - 1, argv1, \
                    sizeof(argv2)/sizeof(*argv2) - 1, argv2, \
                    expected, should_print_help)
 };
 
 // Tests parsing an empty command line.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, Empty) {
   const char* argv[] = {nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags(), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing a command line that has no flag.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, NoFlag) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags(), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing a bad --gtest_filter flag.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, FilterBad) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_filter", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_filter", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter(""), true);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing an empty --gtest_filter flag.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, FilterEmpty) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_filter=", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter(""), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing a non-empty --gtest_filter flag.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, FilterNonEmpty) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_filter=abc", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter("abc"), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_break_on_failure.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, BreakOnFailureWithoutValue) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_break_on_failure", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::BreakOnFailure(true), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_break_on_failure=0.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, BreakOnFailureFalse_0) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_break_on_failure=0", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::BreakOnFailure(false), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_break_on_failure=f.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, BreakOnFailureFalse_f) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_break_on_failure=f", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::BreakOnFailure(false), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_break_on_failure=F.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, BreakOnFailureFalse_F) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_break_on_failure=F", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::BreakOnFailure(false), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing a --gtest_break_on_failure flag that has a "true"
 // definition.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, BreakOnFailureTrue) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_break_on_failure=1", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::BreakOnFailure(true), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_catch_exceptions.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, CatchExceptions) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_catch_exceptions", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::CatchExceptions(true), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_death_test_use_fork.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, DeathTestUseFork) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_death_test_use_fork", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::DeathTestUseFork(true), false);
 }
 
 // Tests having the same flag twice with different values.  The
 // expected behavior is that the one coming last takes precedence.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, DuplicatedFlags) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_filter=a", "--gtest_filter=b",
                         nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter("b"), false);
 }
 
 // Tests having an unrecognized flag on the command line.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, UnrecognizedFlag) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_break_on_failure",
                         "bar",  // Unrecognized by Google Test.
                         "--gtest_filter=b", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", "bar", nullptr};
 
   Flags flags;
   flags.break_on_failure = true;
   flags.filter = "b";
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, flags, false);
 }
 
 // Tests having a --gtest_list_tests flag
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, ListTestsFlag) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_list_tests", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ListTests(true), false);
 }
 
 // Tests having a --gtest_list_tests flag with a "true" value
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, ListTestsTrue) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_list_tests=1", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ListTests(true), false);
 }
 
 // Tests having a --gtest_list_tests flag with a "false" value
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, ListTestsFalse) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_list_tests=0", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ListTests(false), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_list_tests=f.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, ListTestsFalse_f) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_list_tests=f", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ListTests(false), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_list_tests=F.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, ListTestsFalse_F) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_list_tests=F", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ListTests(false), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_output (invalid).
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, OutputEmpty) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_output", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_output", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags(), true);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_output=xml
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, OutputXml) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_output=xml", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Output("xml"), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_output=xml:file
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, OutputXmlFile) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_output=xml:file", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Output("xml:file"), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_output=xml:directory/path/
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, OutputXmlDirectory) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_output=xml:directory/path/",
                         nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2,
                             Flags::Output("xml:directory/path/"), false);
 }
 
 // Tests having a --gtest_print_time flag
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, PrintTimeFlag) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_print_time", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::PrintTime(true), false);
 }
 
 // Tests having a --gtest_print_time flag with a "true" value
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, PrintTimeTrue) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_print_time=1", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::PrintTime(true), false);
 }
 
 // Tests having a --gtest_print_time flag with a "false" value
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, PrintTimeFalse) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_print_time=0", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::PrintTime(false), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_print_time=f.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, PrintTimeFalse_f) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_print_time=f", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::PrintTime(false), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_print_time=F.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, PrintTimeFalse_F) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_print_time=F", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::PrintTime(false), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_random_seed=number
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, RandomSeed) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_random_seed=1000", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::RandomSeed(1000), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_repeat=number
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, Repeat) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_repeat=1000", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Repeat(1000), false);
 }
 
 // Tests having a --gtest_also_run_disabled_tests flag
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, AlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::AlsoRunDisabledTests(true),
                             false);
 }
 
 // Tests having a --gtest_also_run_disabled_tests flag with a "true" value
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, AlsoRunDisabledTestsTrue) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests=1",
                         nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::AlsoRunDisabledTests(true),
                             false);
 }
 
 // Tests having a --gtest_also_run_disabled_tests flag with a "false" value
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, AlsoRunDisabledTestsFalse) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests=0",
                         nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::AlsoRunDisabledTests(false),
                             false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_shuffle.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, ShuffleWithoutValue) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_shuffle", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Shuffle(true), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_shuffle=0.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, ShuffleFalse_0) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_shuffle=0", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Shuffle(false), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing a --gtest_shuffle flag that has a "true" definition.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, ShuffleTrue) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_shuffle=1", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Shuffle(true), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_stack_trace_depth=number.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, StackTraceDepth) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_stack_trace_depth=5", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::StackTraceDepth(5), false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, StreamResultTo) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_stream_result_to=localhost:1234",
                         nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(
       argv, argv2, Flags::StreamResultTo("localhost:1234"), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_throw_on_failure.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, ThrowOnFailureWithoutValue) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_throw_on_failure", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ThrowOnFailure(true), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing --gtest_throw_on_failure=0.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, ThrowOnFailureFalse_0) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_throw_on_failure=0", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ThrowOnFailure(false), false);
 }
 
 // Tests parsing a --gtest_throw_on_failure flag that has a "true"
 // definition.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, ThrowOnFailureTrue) {
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_throw_on_failure=1", nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::ThrowOnFailure(true), false);
 }
 
 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Tests parsing wide strings.
 TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, WideStrings) {
   const wchar_t* argv[] = {
     L"foo.exe",
     L"--gtest_filter=Foo*",
     L"--gtest_list_tests=1",
     L"--gtest_break_on_failure",
     L"--non_gtest_flag",
     NULL
   };
 
   const wchar_t* argv2[] = {
     L"foo.exe",
     L"--non_gtest_flag",
     NULL
   };
 
   Flags expected_flags;
   expected_flags.break_on_failure = true;
   expected_flags.filter = "Foo*";
   expected_flags.list_tests = true;
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, expected_flags, false);
 }
 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
 #if GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
 class FlagfileTest : public ParseFlagsTest {
  public:
   virtual void SetUp() {
     ParseFlagsTest::SetUp();
 
     testdata_path_.Set(internal::FilePath(
         testing::TempDir() + internal::GetCurrentExecutableName().string() +
         "_flagfile_test"));
     testing::internal::posix::RmDir(testdata_path_.c_str());
     EXPECT_TRUE(testdata_path_.CreateFolder());
   }
 
   virtual void TearDown() {
     testing::internal::posix::RmDir(testdata_path_.c_str());
     ParseFlagsTest::TearDown();
   }
 
   internal::FilePath CreateFlagfile(const char* contents) {
     internal::FilePath file_path(internal::FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(
         testdata_path_, internal::FilePath("unique"), "txt"));
     FILE* f = testing::internal::posix::FOpen(file_path.c_str(), "w");
     fprintf(f, "%s", contents);
     fclose(f);
     return file_path;
   }
 
  private:
   internal::FilePath testdata_path_;
 };
 
 // Tests an empty flagfile.
 TEST_F(FlagfileTest, Empty) {
   internal::FilePath flagfile_path(CreateFlagfile(""));
   std::string flagfile_flag =
       std::string("--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "flagfile=") + flagfile_path.c_str();
 
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", flagfile_flag.c_str(), nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags(), false);
 }
 
 // Tests passing a non-empty --gtest_filter flag via --gtest_flagfile.
 TEST_F(FlagfileTest, FilterNonEmpty) {
   internal::FilePath flagfile_path(CreateFlagfile(
       "--"  GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_  "filter=abc"));
   std::string flagfile_flag =
       std::string("--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "flagfile=") + flagfile_path.c_str();
 
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", flagfile_flag.c_str(), nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter("abc"), false);
 }
 
 // Tests passing several flags via --gtest_flagfile.
 TEST_F(FlagfileTest, SeveralFlags) {
   internal::FilePath flagfile_path(CreateFlagfile(
       "--"  GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_  "filter=abc\n"
       "--"  GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_  "break_on_failure\n"
       "--"  GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_  "list_tests"));
   std::string flagfile_flag =
       std::string("--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "flagfile=") + flagfile_path.c_str();
 
   const char* argv[] = {"foo.exe", flagfile_flag.c_str(), nullptr};
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", nullptr};
 
   Flags expected_flags;
   expected_flags.break_on_failure = true;
   expected_flags.filter = "abc";
   expected_flags.list_tests = true;
 
   GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, expected_flags, false);
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_
 
 // Tests current_test_info() in UnitTest.
 class CurrentTestInfoTest : public Test {
  protected:
   // Tests that current_test_info() returns NULL before the first test in
   // the test case is run.
   static void SetUpTestSuite() {
     // There should be no tests running at this point.
     const TestInfo* test_info =
       UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
     EXPECT_TRUE(test_info == nullptr)
         << "There should be no tests running at this point.";
   }
 
   // Tests that current_test_info() returns NULL after the last test in
   // the test case has run.
   static void TearDownTestSuite() {
     const TestInfo* test_info =
       UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
     EXPECT_TRUE(test_info == nullptr)
         << "There should be no tests running at this point.";
   }
 };
 
 // Tests that current_test_info() returns TestInfo for currently running
 // test by checking the expected test name against the actual one.
 TEST_F(CurrentTestInfoTest, WorksForFirstTestInATestSuite) {
   const TestInfo* test_info =
     UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
   ASSERT_TRUE(nullptr != test_info)
       << "There is a test running so we should have a valid TestInfo.";
   EXPECT_STREQ("CurrentTestInfoTest", test_info->test_case_name())
       << "Expected the name of the currently running test case.";
   EXPECT_STREQ("WorksForFirstTestInATestSuite", test_info->name())
       << "Expected the name of the currently running test.";
 }
 
 // Tests that current_test_info() returns TestInfo for currently running
 // test by checking the expected test name against the actual one.  We
 // use this test to see that the TestInfo object actually changed from
 // the previous invocation.
 TEST_F(CurrentTestInfoTest, WorksForSecondTestInATestSuite) {
   const TestInfo* test_info =
     UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
   ASSERT_TRUE(nullptr != test_info)
       << "There is a test running so we should have a valid TestInfo.";
   EXPECT_STREQ("CurrentTestInfoTest", test_info->test_case_name())
       << "Expected the name of the currently running test case.";
   EXPECT_STREQ("WorksForSecondTestInATestSuite", test_info->name())
       << "Expected the name of the currently running test.";
 }
 
 }  // namespace testing
 
 
 // These two lines test that we can define tests in a namespace that
 // has the name "testing" and is nested in another namespace.
 namespace my_namespace {
 namespace testing {
 
 // Makes sure that TEST knows to use ::testing::Test instead of
 // ::my_namespace::testing::Test.
 class Test {};
 
 // Makes sure that an assertion knows to use ::testing::Message instead of
 // ::my_namespace::testing::Message.
 class Message {};
 
 // Makes sure that an assertion knows to use
 // ::testing::AssertionResult instead of
 // ::my_namespace::testing::AssertionResult.
 class AssertionResult {};
 
 // Tests that an assertion that should succeed works as expected.
 TEST(NestedTestingNamespaceTest, Success) {
   EXPECT_EQ(1, 1) << "This shouldn't fail.";
 }
 
 // Tests that an assertion that should fail works as expected.
 TEST(NestedTestingNamespaceTest, Failure) {
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << "This failure is expected.",
                        "This failure is expected.");
 }
 
 }  // namespace testing
 }  // namespace my_namespace
 
 // Tests that one can call superclass SetUp and TearDown methods--
 // that is, that they are not private.
 // No tests are based on this fixture; the test "passes" if it compiles
 // successfully.
 class ProtectedFixtureMethodsTest : public Test {
  protected:
   void SetUp() override { Test::SetUp(); }
   void TearDown() override { Test::TearDown(); }
 };
 
 // StreamingAssertionsTest tests the streaming versions of a representative
 // sample of assertions.
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, Unconditional) {
   SUCCEED() << "expected success";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(ADD_FAILURE() << "expected failure",
                           "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(FAIL() << "expected failure",
                        "expected failure");
 }
 
 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
 // Silences warnings: "Condition is always true", "Unreachable code"
 # pragma option push -w-ccc -w-rch
 #endif
 
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, Truth) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(true) << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_TRUE(true) << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_TRUE(false) << "expected failure",
                           "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(false) << "expected failure",
                        "expected failure");
 }
 
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, Truth2) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(false) << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_FALSE(false) << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FALSE(true) << "expected failure",
                           "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FALSE(true) << "expected failure",
                        "expected failure");
 }
 
 #ifdef __BORLANDC__
 // Restores warnings after previous "#pragma option push" suppressed them
 # pragma option pop
 #endif
 
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, IntegerEquals) {
   EXPECT_EQ(1, 1) << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_EQ(1, 1) << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_EQ(1, 2) << "expected failure",
                           "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_EQ(1, 2) << "expected failure",
                        "expected failure");
 }
 
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, IntegerLessThan) {
   EXPECT_LT(1, 2) << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_LT(1, 2) << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_LT(2, 1) << "expected failure",
                           "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_LT(2, 1) << "expected failure",
                        "expected failure");
 }
 
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, StringsEqual) {
   EXPECT_STREQ("foo", "foo") << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_STREQ("foo", "foo") << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STREQ("foo", "bar") << "expected failure",
                           "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STREQ("foo", "bar") << "expected failure",
                        "expected failure");
 }
 
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, StringsNotEqual) {
   EXPECT_STRNE("foo", "bar") << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_STRNE("foo", "bar") << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRNE("foo", "foo") << "expected failure",
                           "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRNE("foo", "foo") << "expected failure",
                        "expected failure");
 }
 
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, StringsEqualIgnoringCase) {
   EXPECT_STRCASEEQ("foo", "FOO") << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("foo", "FOO") << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRCASEEQ("foo", "bar") << "expected failure",
                           "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("foo", "bar") << "expected failure",
                        "expected failure");
 }
 
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, StringNotEqualIgnoringCase) {
   EXPECT_STRCASENE("foo", "bar") << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_STRCASENE("foo", "bar") << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRCASENE("foo", "FOO") << "expected failure",
                           "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRCASENE("bar", "BAR") << "expected failure",
                        "expected failure");
 }
 
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, FloatingPointEquals) {
   EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, 1.0) << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(1.0, 1.0) << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(0.0, 1.0) << "expected failure",
                           "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(0.0, 1.0) << "expected failure",
                        "expected failure");
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, Throw) {
   EXPECT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), int) << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), int) << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), bool) <<
                           "expected failure", "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_THROW(ThrowAnInteger(), bool) <<
                        "expected failure", "expected failure");
 }
 
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, NoThrow) {
   EXPECT_NO_THROW(ThrowNothing()) << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_NO_THROW(ThrowNothing()) << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NO_THROW(ThrowAnInteger()) <<
                           "expected failure", "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_NO_THROW(ThrowAnInteger()) <<
                        "expected failure", "expected failure");
 }
 
 TEST(StreamingAssertionsTest, AnyThrow) {
   EXPECT_ANY_THROW(ThrowAnInteger()) << "unexpected failure";
   ASSERT_ANY_THROW(ThrowAnInteger()) << "unexpected failure";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_ANY_THROW(ThrowNothing()) <<
                           "expected failure", "expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_ANY_THROW(ThrowNothing()) <<
                        "expected failure", "expected failure");
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 
 // Tests that Google Test correctly decides whether to use colors in the output.
 
 TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesColorsWhenGTestColorFlagIsYes) {
   GTEST_FLAG(color) = "yes";
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "xterm");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "dumb");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
 }
 
 TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesColorsWhenGTestColorFlagIsAliasOfYes) {
   SetEnv("TERM", "dumb");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
 
   GTEST_FLAG(color) = "True";
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
 
   GTEST_FLAG(color) = "t";
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
 
   GTEST_FLAG(color) = "1";
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
 }
 
 TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesNoColorWhenGTestColorFlagIsNo) {
   GTEST_FLAG(color) = "no";
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "xterm");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "dumb");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
 }
 
 TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesNoColorWhenGTestColorFlagIsInvalid) {
   SetEnv("TERM", "xterm");  // TERM supports colors.
 
   GTEST_FLAG(color) = "F";
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   GTEST_FLAG(color) = "0";
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   GTEST_FLAG(color) = "unknown";
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 }
 
 TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesColorsWhenStdoutIsTty) {
   GTEST_FLAG(color) = "auto";
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "xterm");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(false));  // Stdout is not a TTY.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));    // Stdout is a TTY.
 }
 
 TEST(ColoredOutputTest, UsesColorsWhenTermSupportsColors) {
   GTEST_FLAG(color) = "auto";
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
   // On Windows, we ignore the TERM variable as it's usually not set.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "dumb");
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "");
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "xterm");
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 #else
   // On non-Windows platforms, we rely on TERM to determine if the
   // terminal supports colors.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "dumb");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "emacs");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "vt100");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "xterm-mono");  // TERM doesn't support colors.
   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "xterm");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "xterm-color");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "xterm-256color");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "screen");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "screen-256color");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "tmux");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "tmux-256color");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "rxvt-unicode");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "rxvt-unicode-256color");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "linux");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 
   SetEnv("TERM", "cygwin");  // TERM supports colors.
   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldUseColor(true));  // Stdout is a TTY.
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 }
 
 // Verifies that StaticAssertTypeEq works in a namespace scope.
 
 static bool dummy1 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ = StaticAssertTypeEq<bool, bool>();
 static bool dummy2 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ =
     StaticAssertTypeEq<const int, const int>();
 
 // Verifies that StaticAssertTypeEq works in a class.
 
 template <typename T>
 class StaticAssertTypeEqTestHelper {
  public:
   StaticAssertTypeEqTestHelper() { StaticAssertTypeEq<bool, T>(); }
 };
 
 TEST(StaticAssertTypeEqTest, WorksInClass) {
   StaticAssertTypeEqTestHelper<bool>();
 }
 
 // Verifies that StaticAssertTypeEq works inside a function.
 
 typedef int IntAlias;
 
 TEST(StaticAssertTypeEqTest, CompilesForEqualTypes) {
   StaticAssertTypeEq<int, IntAlias>();
   StaticAssertTypeEq<int*, IntAlias*>();
 }
 
 TEST(HasNonfatalFailureTest, ReturnsFalseWhenThereIsNoFailure) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(HasNonfatalFailure());
 }
 
 static void FailFatally() { FAIL(); }
 
 TEST(HasNonfatalFailureTest, ReturnsFalseWhenThereIsOnlyFatalFailure) {
   FailFatally();
   const bool has_nonfatal_failure = HasNonfatalFailure();
   ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
   EXPECT_FALSE(has_nonfatal_failure);
 }
 
 TEST(HasNonfatalFailureTest, ReturnsTrueWhenThereIsNonfatalFailure) {
   ADD_FAILURE();
   const bool has_nonfatal_failure = HasNonfatalFailure();
   ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
   EXPECT_TRUE(has_nonfatal_failure);
 }
 
 TEST(HasNonfatalFailureTest, ReturnsTrueWhenThereAreFatalAndNonfatalFailures) {
   FailFatally();
   ADD_FAILURE();
   const bool has_nonfatal_failure = HasNonfatalFailure();
   ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
   EXPECT_TRUE(has_nonfatal_failure);
 }
 
 // A wrapper for calling HasNonfatalFailure outside of a test body.
 static bool HasNonfatalFailureHelper() {
   return testing::Test::HasNonfatalFailure();
 }
 
 TEST(HasNonfatalFailureTest, WorksOutsideOfTestBody) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(HasNonfatalFailureHelper());
 }
 
 TEST(HasNonfatalFailureTest, WorksOutsideOfTestBody2) {
   ADD_FAILURE();
   const bool has_nonfatal_failure = HasNonfatalFailureHelper();
   ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
   EXPECT_TRUE(has_nonfatal_failure);
 }
 
 TEST(HasFailureTest, ReturnsFalseWhenThereIsNoFailure) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(HasFailure());
 }
 
 TEST(HasFailureTest, ReturnsTrueWhenThereIsFatalFailure) {
   FailFatally();
   const bool has_failure = HasFailure();
   ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
   EXPECT_TRUE(has_failure);
 }
 
 TEST(HasFailureTest, ReturnsTrueWhenThereIsNonfatalFailure) {
   ADD_FAILURE();
   const bool has_failure = HasFailure();
   ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
   EXPECT_TRUE(has_failure);
 }
 
 TEST(HasFailureTest, ReturnsTrueWhenThereAreFatalAndNonfatalFailures) {
   FailFatally();
   ADD_FAILURE();
   const bool has_failure = HasFailure();
   ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
   EXPECT_TRUE(has_failure);
 }
 
 // A wrapper for calling HasFailure outside of a test body.
 static bool HasFailureHelper() { return testing::Test::HasFailure(); }
 
 TEST(HasFailureTest, WorksOutsideOfTestBody) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(HasFailureHelper());
 }
 
 TEST(HasFailureTest, WorksOutsideOfTestBody2) {
   ADD_FAILURE();
   const bool has_failure = HasFailureHelper();
   ClearCurrentTestPartResults();
   EXPECT_TRUE(has_failure);
 }
 
 class TestListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
  public:
   TestListener() : on_start_counter_(nullptr), is_destroyed_(nullptr) {}
   TestListener(int* on_start_counter, bool* is_destroyed)
       : on_start_counter_(on_start_counter),
         is_destroyed_(is_destroyed) {}
 
   ~TestListener() override {
     if (is_destroyed_)
       *is_destroyed_ = true;
   }
 
  protected:
   void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) override {
     if (on_start_counter_ != nullptr) (*on_start_counter_)++;
   }
 
  private:
   int* on_start_counter_;
   bool* is_destroyed_;
 };
 
 // Tests the constructor.
 TEST(TestEventListenersTest, ConstructionWorks) {
   TestEventListeners listeners;
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners) != nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.default_result_printer() == nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.default_xml_generator() == nullptr);
 }
 
 // Tests that the TestEventListeners destructor deletes all the listeners it
 // owns.
 TEST(TestEventListenersTest, DestructionWorks) {
   bool default_result_printer_is_destroyed = false;
   bool default_xml_printer_is_destroyed = false;
   bool extra_listener_is_destroyed = false;
   TestListener* default_result_printer =
       new TestListener(nullptr, &default_result_printer_is_destroyed);
   TestListener* default_xml_printer =
       new TestListener(nullptr, &default_xml_printer_is_destroyed);
   TestListener* extra_listener =
       new TestListener(nullptr, &extra_listener_is_destroyed);
 
   {
     TestEventListeners listeners;
     TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultResultPrinter(&listeners,
                                                         default_result_printer);
     TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(&listeners,
                                                        default_xml_printer);
     listeners.Append(extra_listener);
   }
   EXPECT_TRUE(default_result_printer_is_destroyed);
   EXPECT_TRUE(default_xml_printer_is_destroyed);
   EXPECT_TRUE(extra_listener_is_destroyed);
 }
 
 // Tests that a listener Append'ed to a TestEventListeners list starts
 // receiving events.
 TEST(TestEventListenersTest, Append) {
   int on_start_counter = 0;
   bool is_destroyed = false;
   TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, &is_destroyed);
   {
     TestEventListeners listeners;
     listeners.Append(listener);
     TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
         *UnitTest::GetInstance());
     EXPECT_EQ(1, on_start_counter);
   }
   EXPECT_TRUE(is_destroyed);
 }
 
 // Tests that listeners receive events in the order they were appended to
 // the list, except for *End requests, which must be received in the reverse
 // order.
 class SequenceTestingListener : public EmptyTestEventListener {
  public:
   SequenceTestingListener(std::vector<std::string>* vector, const char* id)
       : vector_(vector), id_(id) {}
 
  protected:
   void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) override {
     vector_->push_back(GetEventDescription("OnTestProgramStart"));
   }
 
   void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/) override {
     vector_->push_back(GetEventDescription("OnTestProgramEnd"));
   }
 
   void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/,
                             int /*iteration*/) override {
     vector_->push_back(GetEventDescription("OnTestIterationStart"));
   }
 
   void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/,
                           int /*iteration*/) override {
     vector_->push_back(GetEventDescription("OnTestIterationEnd"));
   }
 
  private:
   std::string GetEventDescription(const char* method) {
     Message message;
     message << id_ << "." << method;
     return message.GetString();
   }
 
   std::vector<std::string>* vector_;
   const char* const id_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(SequenceTestingListener);
 };
 
 TEST(EventListenerTest, AppendKeepsOrder) {
   std::vector<std::string> vec;
   TestEventListeners listeners;
   listeners.Append(new SequenceTestingListener(&vec, "1st"));
   listeners.Append(new SequenceTestingListener(&vec, "2nd"));
   listeners.Append(new SequenceTestingListener(&vec, "3rd"));
 
   TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
       *UnitTest::GetInstance());
   ASSERT_EQ(3U, vec.size());
   EXPECT_STREQ("1st.OnTestProgramStart", vec[0].c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("2nd.OnTestProgramStart", vec[1].c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("3rd.OnTestProgramStart", vec[2].c_str());
 
   vec.clear();
   TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramEnd(
       *UnitTest::GetInstance());
   ASSERT_EQ(3U, vec.size());
   EXPECT_STREQ("3rd.OnTestProgramEnd", vec[0].c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("2nd.OnTestProgramEnd", vec[1].c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("1st.OnTestProgramEnd", vec[2].c_str());
 
   vec.clear();
   TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestIterationStart(
       *UnitTest::GetInstance(), 0);
   ASSERT_EQ(3U, vec.size());
   EXPECT_STREQ("1st.OnTestIterationStart", vec[0].c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("2nd.OnTestIterationStart", vec[1].c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("3rd.OnTestIterationStart", vec[2].c_str());
 
   vec.clear();
   TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestIterationEnd(
       *UnitTest::GetInstance(), 0);
   ASSERT_EQ(3U, vec.size());
   EXPECT_STREQ("3rd.OnTestIterationEnd", vec[0].c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("2nd.OnTestIterationEnd", vec[1].c_str());
   EXPECT_STREQ("1st.OnTestIterationEnd", vec[2].c_str());
 }
 
 // Tests that a listener removed from a TestEventListeners list stops receiving
 // events and is not deleted when the list is destroyed.
 TEST(TestEventListenersTest, Release) {
   int on_start_counter = 0;
   bool is_destroyed = false;
   // Although Append passes the ownership of this object to the list,
   // the following calls release it, and we need to delete it before the
   // test ends.
   TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, &is_destroyed);
   {
     TestEventListeners listeners;
     listeners.Append(listener);
     EXPECT_EQ(listener, listeners.Release(listener));
     TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
         *UnitTest::GetInstance());
     EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.Release(listener) == nullptr);
   }
   EXPECT_EQ(0, on_start_counter);
   EXPECT_FALSE(is_destroyed);
   delete listener;
 }
 
 // Tests that no events are forwarded when event forwarding is disabled.
 TEST(EventListenerTest, SuppressEventForwarding) {
   int on_start_counter = 0;
   TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, nullptr);
 
   TestEventListeners listeners;
   listeners.Append(listener);
   ASSERT_TRUE(TestEventListenersAccessor::EventForwardingEnabled(listeners));
   TestEventListenersAccessor::SuppressEventForwarding(&listeners);
   ASSERT_FALSE(TestEventListenersAccessor::EventForwardingEnabled(listeners));
   TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
       *UnitTest::GetInstance());
   EXPECT_EQ(0, on_start_counter);
 }
 
 // Tests that events generated by Google Test are not forwarded in
 // death test subprocesses.
 TEST(EventListenerDeathTest, EventsNotForwardedInDeathTestSubprecesses) {
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
       GTEST_CHECK_(TestEventListenersAccessor::EventForwardingEnabled(
           *GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners())) << "expected failure";},
       "expected failure");
 }
 
 // Tests that a listener installed via SetDefaultResultPrinter() starts
 // receiving events and is returned via default_result_printer() and that
 // the previous default_result_printer is removed from the list and deleted.
 TEST(EventListenerTest, default_result_printer) {
   int on_start_counter = 0;
   bool is_destroyed = false;
   TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, &is_destroyed);
 
   TestEventListeners listeners;
   TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultResultPrinter(&listeners, listener);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(listener, listeners.default_result_printer());
 
   TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
       *UnitTest::GetInstance());
 
   EXPECT_EQ(1, on_start_counter);
 
   // Replacing default_result_printer with something else should remove it
   // from the list and destroy it.
   TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultResultPrinter(&listeners, nullptr);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.default_result_printer() == nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(is_destroyed);
 
   // After broadcasting an event the counter is still the same, indicating
   // the listener is not in the list anymore.
   TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
       *UnitTest::GetInstance());
   EXPECT_EQ(1, on_start_counter);
 }
 
 // Tests that the default_result_printer listener stops receiving events
 // when removed via Release and that is not owned by the list anymore.
 TEST(EventListenerTest, RemovingDefaultResultPrinterWorks) {
   int on_start_counter = 0;
   bool is_destroyed = false;
   // Although Append passes the ownership of this object to the list,
   // the following calls release it, and we need to delete it before the
   // test ends.
   TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, &is_destroyed);
   {
     TestEventListeners listeners;
     TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultResultPrinter(&listeners, listener);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(listener, listeners.Release(listener));
     EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.default_result_printer() == nullptr);
     EXPECT_FALSE(is_destroyed);
 
     // Broadcasting events now should not affect default_result_printer.
     TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
         *UnitTest::GetInstance());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, on_start_counter);
   }
   // Destroying the list should not affect the listener now, too.
   EXPECT_FALSE(is_destroyed);
   delete listener;
 }
 
 // Tests that a listener installed via SetDefaultXmlGenerator() starts
 // receiving events and is returned via default_xml_generator() and that
 // the previous default_xml_generator is removed from the list and deleted.
 TEST(EventListenerTest, default_xml_generator) {
   int on_start_counter = 0;
   bool is_destroyed = false;
   TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, &is_destroyed);
 
   TestEventListeners listeners;
   TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(&listeners, listener);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(listener, listeners.default_xml_generator());
 
   TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
       *UnitTest::GetInstance());
 
   EXPECT_EQ(1, on_start_counter);
 
   // Replacing default_xml_generator with something else should remove it
   // from the list and destroy it.
   TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(&listeners, nullptr);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.default_xml_generator() == nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(is_destroyed);
 
   // After broadcasting an event the counter is still the same, indicating
   // the listener is not in the list anymore.
   TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
       *UnitTest::GetInstance());
   EXPECT_EQ(1, on_start_counter);
 }
 
 // Tests that the default_xml_generator listener stops receiving events
 // when removed via Release and that is not owned by the list anymore.
 TEST(EventListenerTest, RemovingDefaultXmlGeneratorWorks) {
   int on_start_counter = 0;
   bool is_destroyed = false;
   // Although Append passes the ownership of this object to the list,
   // the following calls release it, and we need to delete it before the
   // test ends.
   TestListener* listener = new TestListener(&on_start_counter, &is_destroyed);
   {
     TestEventListeners listeners;
     TestEventListenersAccessor::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(&listeners, listener);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(listener, listeners.Release(listener));
     EXPECT_TRUE(listeners.default_xml_generator() == nullptr);
     EXPECT_FALSE(is_destroyed);
 
     // Broadcasting events now should not affect default_xml_generator.
     TestEventListenersAccessor::GetRepeater(&listeners)->OnTestProgramStart(
         *UnitTest::GetInstance());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, on_start_counter);
   }
   // Destroying the list should not affect the listener now, too.
   EXPECT_FALSE(is_destroyed);
   delete listener;
 }
 
 // Sanity tests to ensure that the alternative, verbose spellings of
 // some of the macros work.  We don't test them thoroughly as that
 // would be quite involved.  Since their implementations are
 // straightforward, and they are rarely used, we'll just rely on the
 // users to tell us when they are broken.
 GTEST_TEST(AlternativeNameTest, Works) {  // GTEST_TEST is the same as TEST.
   GTEST_SUCCEED() << "OK";  // GTEST_SUCCEED is the same as SUCCEED.
 
   // GTEST_FAIL is the same as FAIL.
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_FAIL() << "An expected failure",
                        "An expected failure");
 
   // GTEST_ASSERT_XY is the same as ASSERT_XY.
 
   GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(0, 0);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(0, 1) << "An expected failure",
                        "An expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_EQ(1, 0) << "An expected failure",
                        "An expected failure");
 
   GTEST_ASSERT_NE(0, 1);
   GTEST_ASSERT_NE(1, 0);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_NE(0, 0) << "An expected failure",
                        "An expected failure");
 
   GTEST_ASSERT_LE(0, 0);
   GTEST_ASSERT_LE(0, 1);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_LE(1, 0) << "An expected failure",
                        "An expected failure");
 
   GTEST_ASSERT_LT(0, 1);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_LT(0, 0) << "An expected failure",
                        "An expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_LT(1, 0) << "An expected failure",
                        "An expected failure");
 
   GTEST_ASSERT_GE(0, 0);
   GTEST_ASSERT_GE(1, 0);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_GE(0, 1) << "An expected failure",
                        "An expected failure");
 
   GTEST_ASSERT_GT(1, 0);
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_GT(0, 1) << "An expected failure",
                        "An expected failure");
   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(GTEST_ASSERT_GT(1, 1) << "An expected failure",
                        "An expected failure");
 }
 
 // Tests for internal utilities necessary for implementation of the universal
 // printing.
 
 class ConversionHelperBase {};
 class ConversionHelperDerived : public ConversionHelperBase {};
 
 // Tests that IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value is a compile-time constant.
 TEST(IsAProtocolMessageTest, ValueIsCompileTimeConstant) {
   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(IsAProtocolMessage<::proto2::Message>::value,
                         const_true);
   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(!IsAProtocolMessage<int>::value, const_false);
 }
 
 // Tests that IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value is true when T is
 // proto2::Message or a sub-class of it.
 TEST(IsAProtocolMessageTest, ValueIsTrueWhenTypeIsAProtocolMessage) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(IsAProtocolMessage< ::proto2::Message>::value);
 }
 
 // Tests that IsAProtocolMessage<T>::value is false when T is neither
 // ::proto2::Message nor a sub-class of it.
 TEST(IsAProtocolMessageTest, ValueIsFalseWhenTypeIsNotAProtocolMessage) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsAProtocolMessage<int>::value);
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsAProtocolMessage<const ConversionHelperBase>::value);
 }
 
 // Tests GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_.
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 void TestGTestRemoveReferenceAndConst() {
   static_assert(std::is_same<T1, GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_(T2)>::value,
                 "GTEST_REMOVE_REFERENCE_AND_CONST_ failed.");
 }
 
 TEST(RemoveReferenceToConstTest, Works) {
   TestGTestRemoveReferenceAndConst<int, int>();
   TestGTestRemoveReferenceAndConst<double, double&>();
   TestGTestRemoveReferenceAndConst<char, const char>();
   TestGTestRemoveReferenceAndConst<char, const char&>();
   TestGTestRemoveReferenceAndConst<const char*, const char*>();
 }
 
 // Tests GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_.
 
 template <typename T1, typename T2>
 void TestGTestReferenceToConst() {
   static_assert(std::is_same<T1, GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(T2)>::value,
                 "GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_ failed.");
 }
 
 TEST(GTestReferenceToConstTest, Works) {
   TestGTestReferenceToConst<const char&, char>();
   TestGTestReferenceToConst<const int&, const int>();
   TestGTestReferenceToConst<const double&, double>();
   TestGTestReferenceToConst<const std::string&, const std::string&>();
 }
 
 
 // Tests IsContainerTest.
 
 class NonContainer {};
 
 TEST(IsContainerTestTest, WorksForNonContainer) {
   EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsNotContainer), sizeof(IsContainerTest<int>(0)));
   EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsNotContainer), sizeof(IsContainerTest<char[5]>(0)));
   EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsNotContainer), sizeof(IsContainerTest<NonContainer>(0)));
 }
 
 TEST(IsContainerTestTest, WorksForContainer) {
   EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsContainer),
             sizeof(IsContainerTest<std::vector<bool> >(0)));
   EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsContainer),
             sizeof(IsContainerTest<std::map<int, double> >(0)));
 }
 
 struct ConstOnlyContainerWithPointerIterator {
   using const_iterator = int*;
   const_iterator begin() const;
   const_iterator end() const;
 };
 
 struct ConstOnlyContainerWithClassIterator {
   struct const_iterator {
     const int& operator*() const;
     const_iterator& operator++(/* pre-increment */);
   };
   const_iterator begin() const;
   const_iterator end() const;
 };
 
 TEST(IsContainerTestTest, ConstOnlyContainer) {
   EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsContainer),
             sizeof(IsContainerTest<ConstOnlyContainerWithPointerIterator>(0)));
   EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(IsContainer),
             sizeof(IsContainerTest<ConstOnlyContainerWithClassIterator>(0)));
 }
 
 // Tests IsHashTable.
 struct AHashTable {
   typedef void hasher;
 };
 struct NotReallyAHashTable {
   typedef void hasher;
   typedef void reverse_iterator;
 };
 TEST(IsHashTable, Basic) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(testing::internal::IsHashTable<AHashTable>::value);
   EXPECT_FALSE(testing::internal::IsHashTable<NotReallyAHashTable>::value);
   EXPECT_FALSE(testing::internal::IsHashTable<std::vector<int>>::value);
   EXPECT_TRUE(testing::internal::IsHashTable<std::unordered_set<int>>::value);
 }
 
 // Tests ArrayEq().
 
 TEST(ArrayEqTest, WorksForDegeneratedArrays) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(5, 5L));
   EXPECT_FALSE(ArrayEq('a', 0));
 }
 
 TEST(ArrayEqTest, WorksForOneDimensionalArrays) {
   // Note that a and b are distinct but compatible types.
   const int a[] = { 0, 1 };
   long b[] = { 0, 1 };
   EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, b));
   EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, 2, b));
 
   b[0] = 2;
   EXPECT_FALSE(ArrayEq(a, b));
   EXPECT_FALSE(ArrayEq(a, 1, b));
 }
 
 TEST(ArrayEqTest, WorksForTwoDimensionalArrays) {
   const char a[][3] = { "hi", "lo" };
   const char b[][3] = { "hi", "lo" };
   const char c[][3] = { "hi", "li" };
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, b));
   EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, 2, b));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(ArrayEq(a, c));
   EXPECT_FALSE(ArrayEq(a, 2, c));
 }
 
 // Tests ArrayAwareFind().
 
 TEST(ArrayAwareFindTest, WorksForOneDimensionalArray) {
   const char a[] = "hello";
   EXPECT_EQ(a + 4, ArrayAwareFind(a, a + 5, 'o'));
   EXPECT_EQ(a + 5, ArrayAwareFind(a, a + 5, 'x'));
 }
 
 TEST(ArrayAwareFindTest, WorksForTwoDimensionalArray) {
   int a[][2] = { { 0, 1 }, { 2, 3 }, { 4, 5 } };
   const int b[2] = { 2, 3 };
   EXPECT_EQ(a + 1, ArrayAwareFind(a, a + 3, b));
 
   const int c[2] = { 6, 7 };
   EXPECT_EQ(a + 3, ArrayAwareFind(a, a + 3, c));
 }
 
 // Tests CopyArray().
 
 TEST(CopyArrayTest, WorksForDegeneratedArrays) {
   int n = 0;
   CopyArray('a', &n);
   EXPECT_EQ('a', n);
 }
 
 TEST(CopyArrayTest, WorksForOneDimensionalArrays) {
   const char a[3] = "hi";
   int b[3];
 #ifndef __BORLANDC__  // C++Builder cannot compile some array size deductions.
   CopyArray(a, &b);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, b));
 #endif
 
   int c[3];
   CopyArray(a, 3, c);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, c));
 }
 
 TEST(CopyArrayTest, WorksForTwoDimensionalArrays) {
   const int a[2][3] = { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } };
   int b[2][3];
 #ifndef __BORLANDC__  // C++Builder cannot compile some array size deductions.
   CopyArray(a, &b);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, b));
 #endif
 
   int c[2][3];
   CopyArray(a, 2, c);
   EXPECT_TRUE(ArrayEq(a, c));
 }
 
 // Tests NativeArray.
 
 TEST(NativeArrayTest, ConstructorFromArrayWorks) {
   const int a[3] = { 0, 1, 2 };
   NativeArray<int> na(a, 3, RelationToSourceReference());
   EXPECT_EQ(3U, na.size());
   EXPECT_EQ(a, na.begin());
 }
 
 TEST(NativeArrayTest, CreatesAndDeletesCopyOfArrayWhenAskedTo) {
   typedef int Array[2];
   Array* a = new Array[1];
   (*a)[0] = 0;
   (*a)[1] = 1;
   NativeArray<int> na(*a, 2, RelationToSourceCopy());
   EXPECT_NE(*a, na.begin());
   delete[] a;
   EXPECT_EQ(0, na.begin()[0]);
   EXPECT_EQ(1, na.begin()[1]);
 
   // We rely on the heap checker to verify that na deletes the copy of
   // array.
 }
 
 TEST(NativeArrayTest, TypeMembersAreCorrect) {
   StaticAssertTypeEq<char, NativeArray<char>::value_type>();
   StaticAssertTypeEq<int[2], NativeArray<int[2]>::value_type>();
 
   StaticAssertTypeEq<const char*, NativeArray<char>::const_iterator>();
   StaticAssertTypeEq<const bool(*)[2], NativeArray<bool[2]>::const_iterator>();
 }
 
 TEST(NativeArrayTest, MethodsWork) {
   const int a[3] = { 0, 1, 2 };
   NativeArray<int> na(a, 3, RelationToSourceCopy());
   ASSERT_EQ(3U, na.size());
   EXPECT_EQ(3, na.end() - na.begin());
 
   NativeArray<int>::const_iterator it = na.begin();
   EXPECT_EQ(0, *it);
   ++it;
   EXPECT_EQ(1, *it);
   it++;
   EXPECT_EQ(2, *it);
   ++it;
   EXPECT_EQ(na.end(), it);
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(na == na);
 
   NativeArray<int> na2(a, 3, RelationToSourceReference());
   EXPECT_TRUE(na == na2);
 
   const int b1[3] = { 0, 1, 1 };
   const int b2[4] = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };
   EXPECT_FALSE(na == NativeArray<int>(b1, 3, RelationToSourceReference()));
   EXPECT_FALSE(na == NativeArray<int>(b2, 4, RelationToSourceCopy()));
 }
 
 TEST(NativeArrayTest, WorksForTwoDimensionalArray) {
   const char a[2][3] = { "hi", "lo" };
   NativeArray<char[3]> na(a, 2, RelationToSourceReference());
   ASSERT_EQ(2U, na.size());
   EXPECT_EQ(a, na.begin());
 }
 
 // IndexSequence
 TEST(IndexSequence, MakeIndexSequence) {
   using testing::internal::IndexSequence;
   using testing::internal::MakeIndexSequence;
   EXPECT_TRUE(
       (std::is_same<IndexSequence<>, MakeIndexSequence<0>::type>::value));
   EXPECT_TRUE(
       (std::is_same<IndexSequence<0>, MakeIndexSequence<1>::type>::value));
   EXPECT_TRUE(
       (std::is_same<IndexSequence<0, 1>, MakeIndexSequence<2>::type>::value));
   EXPECT_TRUE((
       std::is_same<IndexSequence<0, 1, 2>, MakeIndexSequence<3>::type>::value));
   EXPECT_TRUE(
       (std::is_base_of<IndexSequence<0, 1, 2>, MakeIndexSequence<3>>::value));
 }
 
 // ElemFromList
 TEST(ElemFromList, Basic) {
   using testing::internal::ElemFromList;
   using Idx = testing::internal::MakeIndexSequence<3>::type;
   EXPECT_TRUE((
       std::is_same<int, ElemFromList<0, Idx, int, double, char>::type>::value));
   EXPECT_TRUE(
       (std::is_same<double,
                     ElemFromList<1, Idx, int, double, char>::type>::value));
   EXPECT_TRUE(
       (std::is_same<char,
                     ElemFromList<2, Idx, int, double, char>::type>::value));
   EXPECT_TRUE(
       (std::is_same<
           char, ElemFromList<7, testing::internal::MakeIndexSequence<12>::type,
                              int, int, int, int, int, int, int, char, int, int,
                              int, int>::type>::value));
 }
 
 // FlatTuple
 TEST(FlatTuple, Basic) {
   using testing::internal::FlatTuple;
 
   FlatTuple<int, double, const char*> tuple = {};
   EXPECT_EQ(0, tuple.Get<0>());
   EXPECT_EQ(0.0, tuple.Get<1>());
   EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, tuple.Get<2>());
 
   tuple = FlatTuple<int, double, const char*>(7, 3.2, "Foo");
   EXPECT_EQ(7, tuple.Get<0>());
   EXPECT_EQ(3.2, tuple.Get<1>());
   EXPECT_EQ(std::string("Foo"), tuple.Get<2>());
 
   tuple.Get<1>() = 5.1;
   EXPECT_EQ(5.1, tuple.Get<1>());
 }
 
 TEST(FlatTuple, ManyTypes) {
   using testing::internal::FlatTuple;
 
   // Instantiate FlatTuple with 257 ints.
   // Tests show that we can do it with thousands of elements, but very long
   // compile times makes it unusuitable for this test.
 #define GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT8 int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int,
 #define GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT16 GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT8 GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT8
 #define GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT32 GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT16 GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT16
 #define GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT64 GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT32 GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT32
 #define GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT128 GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT64 GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT64
 #define GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT256 GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT128 GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT128
 
   // Let's make sure that we can have a very long list of types without blowing
   // up the template instantiation depth.
   FlatTuple<GTEST_FLAT_TUPLE_INT256 int> tuple;
 
   tuple.Get<0>() = 7;
   tuple.Get<99>() = 17;
   tuple.Get<256>() = 1000;
   EXPECT_EQ(7, tuple.Get<0>());
   EXPECT_EQ(17, tuple.Get<99>());
   EXPECT_EQ(1000, tuple.Get<256>());
 }
 
 // Tests SkipPrefix().
 
 TEST(SkipPrefixTest, SkipsWhenPrefixMatches) {
   const char* const str = "hello";
 
   const char* p = str;
   EXPECT_TRUE(SkipPrefix("", &p));
   EXPECT_EQ(str, p);
 
   p = str;
   EXPECT_TRUE(SkipPrefix("hell", &p));
   EXPECT_EQ(str + 4, p);
 }
 
 TEST(SkipPrefixTest, DoesNotSkipWhenPrefixDoesNotMatch) {
   const char* const str = "world";
 
   const char* p = str;
   EXPECT_FALSE(SkipPrefix("W", &p));
   EXPECT_EQ(str, p);
 
   p = str;
   EXPECT_FALSE(SkipPrefix("world!", &p));
   EXPECT_EQ(str, p);
 }
 
 // Tests ad_hoc_test_result().
 
 class AdHocTestResultTest : public testing::Test {
  protected:
   static void SetUpTestSuite() {
     FAIL() << "A failure happened inside SetUpTestSuite().";
   }
 };
 
 TEST_F(AdHocTestResultTest, AdHocTestResultForTestSuiteShowsFailure) {
   const testing::TestResult& test_result = testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()
                                                ->current_test_suite()
                                                ->ad_hoc_test_result();
   EXPECT_TRUE(test_result.Failed());
 }
 
 TEST_F(AdHocTestResultTest, AdHocTestResultTestForUnitTestDoesNotShowFailure) {
   const testing::TestResult& test_result =
       testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->ad_hoc_test_result();
   EXPECT_FALSE(test_result.Failed());
 }
 
 class DynamicUnitTestFixture : public testing::Test {};
 
 class DynamicTest : public DynamicUnitTestFixture {
   void TestBody() override { EXPECT_TRUE(true); }
 };
 
 auto* dynamic_test = testing::RegisterTest(
     "DynamicUnitTestFixture", "DynamicTest", "TYPE", "VALUE", __FILE__,
     __LINE__, []() -> DynamicUnitTestFixture* { return new DynamicTest; });
 
 TEST(RegisterTest, WasRegistered) {
   auto* unittest = testing::UnitTest::GetInstance();
   for (int i = 0; i < unittest->total_test_suite_count(); ++i) {
     auto* tests = unittest->GetTestSuite(i);
     if (tests->name() != std::string("DynamicUnitTestFixture")) continue;
     for (int j = 0; j < tests->total_test_count(); ++j) {
       if (tests->GetTestInfo(j)->name() != std::string("DynamicTest")) continue;
       // Found it.
       EXPECT_STREQ(tests->GetTestInfo(j)->value_param(), "VALUE");
       EXPECT_STREQ(tests->GetTestInfo(j)->type_param(), "TYPE");
       return;
     }
   }
 
   FAIL() << "Didn't find the test!";
 }