forked from mirror/qemu
You cannot select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
405 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
405 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
= How to convert to -device & friends =
|
|
|
|
=== Specifying Bus and Address on Bus ===
|
|
|
|
In qdev, each device has a parent bus. Some devices provide one or
|
|
more buses for children. You can specify a device's parent bus with
|
|
-device parameter bus.
|
|
|
|
A device typically has a device address on its parent bus. For buses
|
|
where this address can be configured, devices provide a bus-specific
|
|
property. Examples:
|
|
|
|
bus property name value format
|
|
PCI addr %x.%x (dev.fn, .fn optional)
|
|
I2C address %u
|
|
SCSI scsi-id %u
|
|
IDE unit %u
|
|
HDA cad %u
|
|
virtio-serial-bus nr %u
|
|
ccid-bus slot %u
|
|
USB port %d(.%d)* (port.port...)
|
|
|
|
Example: device i440FX-pcihost is on the root bus, and provides a PCI
|
|
bus named pci.0. To put a FOO device into its slot 4, use -device
|
|
FOO,bus=/i440FX-pcihost/pci.0,addr=4. The abbreviated form bus=pci.0
|
|
also works as long as the bus name is unique.
|
|
|
|
=== Block Devices ===
|
|
|
|
A QEMU block device (drive) has a host and a guest part.
|
|
|
|
In the general case, the guest device is connected to a controller
|
|
device. For instance, the IDE controller provides two IDE buses, each
|
|
of which can have up to two devices, and each device is a guest part,
|
|
and is connected to a host part.
|
|
|
|
Except we sometimes lump controller, bus(es) and drive device(s) all
|
|
together into a single device. For instance, the ISA floppy
|
|
controller is connected to up to two host drives.
|
|
|
|
The old ways to define block devices define host and guest part
|
|
together. Sometimes, they can even define a controller device in
|
|
addition to the block device.
|
|
|
|
The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
|
|
-drive, and guest device(s) with -device.
|
|
|
|
The various old ways to define drives all boil down to the common form
|
|
|
|
-drive if=TYPE,bus=BUS,unit=UNIT,OPTS...
|
|
|
|
TYPE, BUS and UNIT identify the controller device, which of its buses
|
|
to use, and the drive's address on that bus. Details depend on TYPE.
|
|
|
|
Instead of bus=BUS,unit=UNIT, you can also say index=IDX.
|
|
|
|
In the new way, this becomes something like
|
|
|
|
-drive if=none,id=DRIVE-ID,HOST-OPTS...
|
|
-device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,DEV-OPTS...
|
|
|
|
The old OPTS get split into HOST-OPTS and DEV-OPTS as follows:
|
|
|
|
* file, format, snapshot, cache, aio, readonly, rerror, werror go into
|
|
HOST-OPTS.
|
|
|
|
* cyls, head, secs and trans go into HOST-OPTS. Future work: they
|
|
should go into DEV-OPTS instead.
|
|
|
|
* serial goes into DEV-OPTS, for devices supporting serial numbers.
|
|
For other devices, it goes nowhere.
|
|
|
|
* media is special. In the old way, it selects disk vs. CD-ROM with
|
|
if=ide, if=scsi and if=xen. The new way uses DEVNAME for that.
|
|
Additionally, readonly=on goes into HOST-OPTS.
|
|
|
|
* addr is special, see if=virtio below.
|
|
|
|
The -device argument differs in detail for each type of drive:
|
|
|
|
* if=ide
|
|
|
|
-device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=IDE-BUS,unit=UNIT
|
|
|
|
where DEVNAME is either ide-hd or ide-cd, IDE-BUS identifies an IDE
|
|
bus, normally either ide.0 or ide.1, and UNIT is either 0 or 1.
|
|
|
|
* if=scsi
|
|
|
|
The old way implicitly creates SCSI controllers as needed. The new
|
|
way makes that explicit:
|
|
|
|
-device lsi53c895a,id=ID
|
|
|
|
As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to
|
|
control the PCI device address.
|
|
|
|
This SCSI controller provides a single SCSI bus, named ID.0. Put a
|
|
disk on it:
|
|
|
|
-device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=ID.0,scsi-id=UNIT
|
|
|
|
where DEVNAME is either scsi-hd, scsi-cd or scsi-generic.
|
|
|
|
* if=floppy
|
|
|
|
-device floppy,unit=UNIT,drive=DRIVE-ID
|
|
|
|
Without any -device floppy,... you get an empty unit 0 and no unit
|
|
1. You can use -nodefaults to suppress the default unit 0, see
|
|
"Default Devices".
|
|
|
|
* if=virtio
|
|
|
|
-device virtio-blk-pci,drive=DRIVE-ID,class=C,vectors=V,ioeventfd=IOEVENTFD
|
|
|
|
This lets you control PCI device class and MSI-X vectors.
|
|
|
|
IOEVENTFD controls whether or not ioeventfd is used for virtqueue
|
|
notify. It can be set to on (default) or off.
|
|
|
|
As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to
|
|
control the PCI device address. This replaces option addr available
|
|
with -drive if=virtio.
|
|
|
|
* if=pflash, if=mtd, if=sd, if=xen are not yet available with -device
|
|
|
|
For USB devices, the old way was actually different:
|
|
|
|
-usbdevice disk:format=FMT:FILENAME
|
|
|
|
"Was" because "disk:" is gone since v2.12.0.
|
|
|
|
The old way provided much less control than -drive's OPTS... The new
|
|
way fixes that:
|
|
|
|
-device usb-storage,drive=DRIVE-ID,removable=RMB
|
|
|
|
The removable parameter gives control over the SCSI INQUIRY removable
|
|
(RMB) bit. USB thumbdrives usually set removable=on, while USB hard
|
|
disks set removable=off.
|
|
|
|
Bug: usb-storage pretends to be a block device, but it's really a SCSI
|
|
controller that can serve only a single device, which it creates
|
|
automatically. The automatic creation guesses what kind of guest part
|
|
to create from the host part, like -drive if=scsi. Host and guest
|
|
part are not cleanly separated.
|
|
|
|
=== Character Devices ===
|
|
|
|
A QEMU character device has a host and a guest part.
|
|
|
|
The old ways to define character devices define host and guest part
|
|
together.
|
|
|
|
The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
|
|
-chardev, and the guest device with -device.
|
|
|
|
The various old ways to define a character device are all of the
|
|
general form
|
|
|
|
-FOO FOO-OPTS...,LEGACY-CHARDEV
|
|
|
|
where FOO-OPTS... is specific to -FOO, and the host part
|
|
LEGACY-CHARDEV is the same everywhere.
|
|
|
|
In the new way, this becomes
|
|
|
|
-chardev HOST-OPTS...,id=CHR-ID
|
|
-device DEVNAME,chardev=CHR-ID,DEV-OPTS...
|
|
|
|
The appropriate DEVNAME depends on the machine type. For type "pc":
|
|
|
|
* -serial becomes -device isa-serial,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,index=IDX
|
|
|
|
This lets you control I/O ports and IRQs.
|
|
|
|
* -parallel becomes -device isa-parallel,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,index=IDX
|
|
|
|
This lets you control I/O ports and IRQs.
|
|
|
|
* -usbdevice braille doesn't support LEGACY-CHARDEV syntax. It always
|
|
uses "braille". With -device, this useful default is gone, so you
|
|
have to use something like
|
|
|
|
-device usb-braille,chardev=braille -chardev braille,id=braille
|
|
|
|
* -usbdevice serial::chardev is gone since v2.12.0. It became
|
|
-device usb-serial,chardev=dev.
|
|
|
|
LEGACY-CHARDEV translates to -chardev HOST-OPTS... as follows:
|
|
|
|
* null becomes -chardev null
|
|
|
|
* pty, msmouse, wctablet, braille, stdio likewise
|
|
|
|
* vc:WIDTHxHEIGHT becomes -chardev vc,width=WIDTH,height=HEIGHT
|
|
|
|
* vc:<COLS>Cx<ROWS>C becomes -chardev vc,cols=<COLS>,rows=<ROWS>
|
|
|
|
* con: becomes -chardev console
|
|
|
|
* COM<NUM> becomes -chardev serial,path=COM<NUM>
|
|
|
|
* file:FNAME becomes -chardev file,path=FNAME
|
|
|
|
* pipe:FNAME becomes -chardev pipe,path=FNAME
|
|
|
|
* tcp:HOST:PORT,OPTS... becomes -chardev socket,host=HOST,port=PORT,OPTS...
|
|
|
|
* telnet:HOST:PORT,OPTS... becomes
|
|
-chardev socket,host=HOST,port=PORT,OPTS...,telnet=on
|
|
|
|
* udp:HOST:PORT@LOCALADDR:LOCALPORT becomes
|
|
-chardev udp,host=HOST,port=PORT,localaddr=LOCALADDR,localport=LOCALPORT
|
|
|
|
* unix:FNAME becomes -chardev socket,path=FNAME
|
|
|
|
* /dev/parportN becomes -chardev parport,file=/dev/parportN
|
|
|
|
* /dev/ppiN likewise
|
|
|
|
* Any other /dev/FNAME becomes -chardev tty,path=/dev/FNAME
|
|
|
|
* mon:LEGACY-CHARDEV is special: it multiplexes the monitor onto the
|
|
character device defined by LEGACY-CHARDEV. -chardev provides more
|
|
general multiplexing instead: you can connect up to four users to a
|
|
single host part. You need to pass mux=on to -chardev to enable
|
|
switching the input focus.
|
|
|
|
QEMU uses LEGACY-CHARDEV syntax not just to set up guest devices, but
|
|
also in various other places such as -monitor or -net
|
|
user,guestfwd=... You can use chardev:CHR-ID in place of
|
|
LEGACY-CHARDEV to refer to a host part defined with -chardev.
|
|
|
|
=== Network Devices ===
|
|
|
|
Host and guest part of network devices have always been separate.
|
|
|
|
The old way to define the guest part looks like this:
|
|
|
|
-net nic,netdev=NET-ID,macaddr=MACADDR,model=MODEL,name=ID,addr=STR,vectors=V
|
|
|
|
Except for USB it looked like this:
|
|
|
|
-usbdevice net:netdev=NET-ID,macaddr=MACADDR,name=ID
|
|
|
|
"Looked" because "net:" is gone since v2.12.0.
|
|
|
|
The new way is -device:
|
|
|
|
-device DEVNAME,netdev=NET-ID,mac=MACADDR,DEV-OPTS...
|
|
|
|
DEVNAME equals MODEL, except for virtio you have to name the virtio
|
|
device appropriate for the bus (virtio-net-pci for PCI), and for USB
|
|
you have to use usb-net.
|
|
|
|
The old name=ID parameter becomes the usual id=ID with -device.
|
|
|
|
For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI
|
|
device address, as usual. The old -net nic provides parameter addr
|
|
for that, which is silently ignored when the NIC is not a PCI device.
|
|
|
|
For virtio-net-pci, you can control whether or not ioeventfd is used for
|
|
virtqueue notify by setting ioeventfd= to on or off (default).
|
|
|
|
-net nic accepts vectors=V for all models, but it's silently ignored
|
|
except for virtio-net-pci (model=virtio). With -device, only devices
|
|
that support it accept it.
|
|
|
|
Not all devices are available with -device at this time. All PCI
|
|
devices and ne2k_isa are.
|
|
|
|
Some PCI devices aren't available with -net nic, e.g. i82558a.
|
|
|
|
=== Graphics Devices ===
|
|
|
|
Host and guest part of graphics devices have always been separate.
|
|
|
|
The old way to define the guest graphics device is -vga VGA. Not all
|
|
machines support all -vga options.
|
|
|
|
The new way is -device. The mapping from -vga argument to -device
|
|
depends on the machine type. For machine "pc", it's:
|
|
|
|
std -device VGA
|
|
cirrus -device cirrus-vga
|
|
vmware -device vmware-svga
|
|
qxl -device qxl-vga
|
|
none -nodefaults
|
|
disables more than just VGA, see "Default Devices"
|
|
|
|
As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control
|
|
the PCI device address.
|
|
|
|
-device VGA supports properties bios-offset and bios-size, but they
|
|
aren't used with machine type "pc".
|
|
|
|
For machine "isapc", it's
|
|
|
|
std -device isa-vga
|
|
cirrus not yet available with -device
|
|
none -nodefaults
|
|
disables more than just VGA, see "Default Devices"
|
|
|
|
Bug: the new way doesn't work for machine types "pc" and "isapc",
|
|
because it violates obscure device initialization ordering
|
|
constraints.
|
|
|
|
=== Audio Devices ===
|
|
|
|
Host and guest part of audio devices have always been separate.
|
|
|
|
The old way to define guest audio devices is -soundhw C1,...
|
|
|
|
The new way is to define each guest audio device separately with
|
|
-device.
|
|
|
|
Map from -soundhw sound card name to -device:
|
|
|
|
ac97 -device AC97
|
|
cs4231a -device cs4231a,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA
|
|
es1370 -device ES1370
|
|
gus -device gus,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,freq=F
|
|
hda -device intel-hda,msi=MSI -device hda-duplex
|
|
sb16 -device sb16,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,dma16=DMA16,version=V
|
|
adlib not yet available with -device
|
|
pcspk not yet available with -device
|
|
|
|
For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI
|
|
device address, as usual.
|
|
|
|
=== USB Devices ===
|
|
|
|
The old way to define a virtual USB device is -usbdevice DRIVER:OPTS...
|
|
|
|
The new way is -device DEVNAME,DEV-OPTS... Details depend on DRIVER:
|
|
|
|
* ccid -device usb-ccid
|
|
* keyboard -device usb-kbd
|
|
* mouse -device usb-mouse
|
|
* tablet -device usb-tablet
|
|
* wacom-tablet -device usb-wacom-tablet
|
|
* u2f -device u2f-{emulated,passthru}
|
|
* braille See "Character Devices"
|
|
|
|
Until v2.12.0, we additionally had
|
|
|
|
* host:... See "Host Device Assignment"
|
|
* disk:... See "Block Devices"
|
|
* serial:... See "Character Devices"
|
|
* net:... See "Network Devices"
|
|
|
|
=== Watchdog Devices ===
|
|
|
|
Host and guest part of watchdog devices have always been separate.
|
|
|
|
The old way to define a guest watchdog device is -watchdog DEVNAME.
|
|
The new way is -device DEVNAME. For PCI devices, you can add
|
|
bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI device address, as usual.
|
|
|
|
=== Host Device Assignment ===
|
|
|
|
QEMU supports assigning host PCI devices (qemu-kvm only at this time)
|
|
and host USB devices. PCI devices can only be assigned with -device:
|
|
|
|
-device vfio-pci,host=ADDR,id=ID
|
|
|
|
The old way to assign a USB host device
|
|
|
|
-usbdevice host:auto:BUS.ADDR:VID:PRID
|
|
|
|
was removed in v2.12.0. Any of BUS, ADDR, VID, PRID could be the
|
|
wildcard *.
|
|
|
|
The new way is
|
|
|
|
-device usb-host,hostbus=BUS,hostaddr=ADDR,vendorid=VID,productid=PRID
|
|
|
|
Omitted options match anything.
|
|
|
|
=== Default Devices ===
|
|
|
|
QEMU creates a number of devices by default, depending on the machine
|
|
type.
|
|
|
|
-device DEVNAME... and global DEVNAME... suppress default devices for
|
|
some DEVNAMEs:
|
|
|
|
default device suppressing DEVNAMEs
|
|
CD-ROM ide-cd, ide-hd, scsi-cd, scsi-hd
|
|
floppy floppy, isa-fdc
|
|
parallel isa-parallel
|
|
serial isa-serial
|
|
VGA VGA, cirrus-vga, isa-vga, isa-cirrus-vga,
|
|
vmware-svga, qxl-vga, virtio-vga, ati-vga,
|
|
vhost-user-vga
|
|
|
|
The default NIC is connected to a default part created along with it.
|
|
It is *not* suppressed by configuring a NIC with -device (you may call
|
|
that a bug). -net and -netdev suppress the default NIC.
|
|
|
|
-nodefaults suppresses all the default devices mentioned above, plus a
|
|
few other things such as default SD-Card drive and default monitor.
|