qemu

FORK: QEMU emulator
git clone https://git.neptards.moe/neptards/qemu.git
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main.c (16617B)


      1 /*
      2  * Copyright (c) 2018 Virtuozzo International GmbH
      3  *
      4  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
      5  *
      6  */
      7 
      8 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
      9 
     10 #include "err.h"
     11 #include "addrspace.h"
     12 #include "pe.h"
     13 #include "pdb.h"
     14 #include "kdbg.h"
     15 #include "download.h"
     16 #include "qemu/win_dump_defs.h"
     17 
     18 #define SYM_URL_BASE    "https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols/"
     19 #define PDB_NAME    "ntkrnlmp.pdb"
     20 
     21 #define INITIAL_MXCSR   0x1f80
     22 
     23 typedef struct idt_desc {
     24     uint16_t offset1;   /* offset bits 0..15 */
     25     uint16_t selector;
     26     uint8_t ist;
     27     uint8_t type_attr;
     28     uint16_t offset2;   /* offset bits 16..31 */
     29     uint32_t offset3;   /* offset bits 32..63 */
     30     uint32_t rsrvd;
     31 } __attribute__ ((packed)) idt_desc_t;
     32 
     33 static uint64_t idt_desc_addr(idt_desc_t desc)
     34 {
     35     return (uint64_t)desc.offset1 | ((uint64_t)desc.offset2 << 16) |
     36           ((uint64_t)desc.offset3 << 32);
     37 }
     38 
     39 static const uint64_t SharedUserData = 0xfffff78000000000;
     40 
     41 #define KUSD_OFFSET_SUITE_MASK 0x2d0
     42 #define KUSD_OFFSET_PRODUCT_TYPE 0x264
     43 
     44 #define SYM_RESOLVE(base, r, s) ((s = pdb_resolve(base, r, #s)),\
     45     s ? printf(#s" = 0x%016"PRIx64"\n", s) :\
     46     eprintf("Failed to resolve "#s"\n"), s)
     47 
     48 static uint64_t rol(uint64_t x, uint64_t y)
     49 {
     50     return (x << y) | (x >> (64 - y));
     51 }
     52 
     53 /*
     54  * Decoding algorithm can be found in Volatility project
     55  */
     56 static void kdbg_decode(uint64_t *dst, uint64_t *src, size_t size,
     57         uint64_t kwn, uint64_t kwa, uint64_t kdbe)
     58 {
     59     size_t i;
     60     assert(size % sizeof(uint64_t) == 0);
     61     for (i = 0; i < size / sizeof(uint64_t); i++) {
     62         uint64_t block;
     63 
     64         block = src[i];
     65         block = rol(block ^ kwn, (uint8_t)kwn);
     66         block = __builtin_bswap64(block ^ kdbe) ^ kwa;
     67         dst[i] = block;
     68     }
     69 }
     70 
     71 static KDDEBUGGER_DATA64 *get_kdbg(uint64_t KernBase, struct pdb_reader *pdb,
     72         struct va_space *vs, uint64_t KdDebuggerDataBlock)
     73 {
     74     const char OwnerTag[4] = "KDBG";
     75     KDDEBUGGER_DATA64 *kdbg = NULL;
     76     DBGKD_DEBUG_DATA_HEADER64 kdbg_hdr;
     77     bool decode = false;
     78     uint64_t kwn, kwa, KdpDataBlockEncoded;
     79 
     80     if (va_space_rw(vs,
     81                 KdDebuggerDataBlock + offsetof(KDDEBUGGER_DATA64, Header),
     82                 &kdbg_hdr, sizeof(kdbg_hdr), 0)) {
     83         eprintf("Failed to extract KDBG header\n");
     84         return NULL;
     85     }
     86 
     87     if (memcmp(&kdbg_hdr.OwnerTag, OwnerTag, sizeof(OwnerTag))) {
     88         uint64_t KiWaitNever, KiWaitAlways;
     89 
     90         decode = true;
     91 
     92         if (!SYM_RESOLVE(KernBase, pdb, KiWaitNever) ||
     93                 !SYM_RESOLVE(KernBase, pdb, KiWaitAlways) ||
     94                 !SYM_RESOLVE(KernBase, pdb, KdpDataBlockEncoded)) {
     95             return NULL;
     96         }
     97 
     98         if (va_space_rw(vs, KiWaitNever, &kwn, sizeof(kwn), 0) ||
     99                 va_space_rw(vs, KiWaitAlways, &kwa, sizeof(kwa), 0)) {
    100             return NULL;
    101         }
    102 
    103         printf("[KiWaitNever] = 0x%016"PRIx64"\n", kwn);
    104         printf("[KiWaitAlways] = 0x%016"PRIx64"\n", kwa);
    105 
    106         /*
    107          * If KDBG header can be decoded, KDBG size is available
    108          * and entire KDBG can be decoded.
    109          */
    110         printf("Decoding KDBG header...\n");
    111         kdbg_decode((uint64_t *)&kdbg_hdr, (uint64_t *)&kdbg_hdr,
    112                 sizeof(kdbg_hdr), kwn, kwa, KdpDataBlockEncoded);
    113 
    114         printf("Owner tag is \'%.4s\'\n", (char *)&kdbg_hdr.OwnerTag);
    115         if (memcmp(&kdbg_hdr.OwnerTag, OwnerTag, sizeof(OwnerTag))) {
    116             eprintf("Failed to decode KDBG header\n");
    117             return NULL;
    118         }
    119     }
    120 
    121     kdbg = malloc(kdbg_hdr.Size);
    122     if (!kdbg) {
    123         return NULL;
    124     }
    125 
    126     if (va_space_rw(vs, KdDebuggerDataBlock, kdbg, kdbg_hdr.Size, 0)) {
    127         eprintf("Failed to extract entire KDBG\n");
    128         free(kdbg);
    129         return NULL;
    130     }
    131 
    132     if (!decode) {
    133         return kdbg;
    134     }
    135 
    136     printf("Decoding KdDebuggerDataBlock...\n");
    137     kdbg_decode((uint64_t *)kdbg, (uint64_t *)kdbg, kdbg_hdr.Size,
    138                 kwn, kwa, KdpDataBlockEncoded);
    139 
    140     va_space_rw(vs, KdDebuggerDataBlock, kdbg, kdbg_hdr.Size, 1);
    141 
    142     return kdbg;
    143 }
    144 
    145 static void win_context_init_from_qemu_cpu_state(WinContext64 *ctx,
    146         QEMUCPUState *s)
    147 {
    148     WinContext64 win_ctx = (WinContext64){
    149         .ContextFlags = WIN_CTX_X64 | WIN_CTX_INT | WIN_CTX_SEG | WIN_CTX_CTL,
    150         .MxCsr = INITIAL_MXCSR,
    151 
    152         .SegCs = s->cs.selector,
    153         .SegSs = s->ss.selector,
    154         .SegDs = s->ds.selector,
    155         .SegEs = s->es.selector,
    156         .SegFs = s->fs.selector,
    157         .SegGs = s->gs.selector,
    158         .EFlags = (uint32_t)s->rflags,
    159 
    160         .Rax = s->rax,
    161         .Rbx = s->rbx,
    162         .Rcx = s->rcx,
    163         .Rdx = s->rdx,
    164         .Rsp = s->rsp,
    165         .Rbp = s->rbp,
    166         .Rsi = s->rsi,
    167         .Rdi = s->rdi,
    168         .R8  = s->r8,
    169         .R9  = s->r9,
    170         .R10 = s->r10,
    171         .R11 = s->r11,
    172         .R12 = s->r12,
    173         .R13 = s->r13,
    174         .R14 = s->r14,
    175         .R15 = s->r15,
    176 
    177         .Rip = s->rip,
    178         .FltSave = {
    179             .MxCsr = INITIAL_MXCSR,
    180         },
    181     };
    182 
    183     *ctx = win_ctx;
    184 }
    185 
    186 /*
    187  * Finds paging-structure hierarchy base,
    188  * if previously set doesn't give access to kernel structures
    189  */
    190 static int fix_dtb(struct va_space *vs, QEMU_Elf *qe)
    191 {
    192     /*
    193      * Firstly, test previously set DTB.
    194      */
    195     if (va_space_resolve(vs, SharedUserData)) {
    196         return 0;
    197     }
    198 
    199     /*
    200      * Secondly, find CPU which run system task.
    201      */
    202     size_t i;
    203     for (i = 0; i < qe->state_nr; i++) {
    204         QEMUCPUState *s = qe->state[i];
    205 
    206         if (is_system(s)) {
    207             va_space_set_dtb(vs, s->cr[3]);
    208             printf("DTB 0x%016"PRIx64" has been found from CPU #%zu"
    209                     " as system task CR3\n", vs->dtb, i);
    210             return !(va_space_resolve(vs, SharedUserData));
    211         }
    212     }
    213 
    214     /*
    215      * Thirdly, use KERNEL_GS_BASE from CPU #0 as PRCB address and
    216      * CR3 as [Prcb+0x7000]
    217      */
    218     if (qe->has_kernel_gs_base) {
    219         QEMUCPUState *s = qe->state[0];
    220         uint64_t Prcb = s->kernel_gs_base;
    221         uint64_t *cr3 = va_space_resolve(vs, Prcb + 0x7000);
    222 
    223         if (!cr3) {
    224             return 1;
    225         }
    226 
    227         va_space_set_dtb(vs, *cr3);
    228         printf("DirectoryTableBase = 0x%016"PRIx64" has been found from CPU #0"
    229                 " as interrupt handling CR3\n", vs->dtb);
    230         return !(va_space_resolve(vs, SharedUserData));
    231     }
    232 
    233     return 1;
    234 }
    235 
    236 static int fill_header(WinDumpHeader64 *hdr, struct pa_space *ps,
    237         struct va_space *vs, uint64_t KdDebuggerDataBlock,
    238         KDDEBUGGER_DATA64 *kdbg, uint64_t KdVersionBlock, int nr_cpus)
    239 {
    240     uint32_t *suite_mask = va_space_resolve(vs, SharedUserData +
    241             KUSD_OFFSET_SUITE_MASK);
    242     int32_t *product_type = va_space_resolve(vs, SharedUserData +
    243             KUSD_OFFSET_PRODUCT_TYPE);
    244     DBGKD_GET_VERSION64 kvb;
    245     WinDumpHeader64 h;
    246     size_t i;
    247 
    248     QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(KUSD_OFFSET_SUITE_MASK >= ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE);
    249     QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(KUSD_OFFSET_PRODUCT_TYPE >= ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE);
    250 
    251     if (!suite_mask || !product_type) {
    252         return 1;
    253     }
    254 
    255     if (va_space_rw(vs, KdVersionBlock, &kvb, sizeof(kvb), 0)) {
    256         eprintf("Failed to extract KdVersionBlock\n");
    257         return 1;
    258     }
    259 
    260     h = (WinDumpHeader64) {
    261         .Signature = "PAGE",
    262         .ValidDump = "DU64",
    263         .MajorVersion = kvb.MajorVersion,
    264         .MinorVersion = kvb.MinorVersion,
    265         .DirectoryTableBase = vs->dtb,
    266         .PfnDatabase = kdbg->MmPfnDatabase,
    267         .PsLoadedModuleList = kdbg->PsLoadedModuleList,
    268         .PsActiveProcessHead = kdbg->PsActiveProcessHead,
    269         .MachineImageType = kvb.MachineType,
    270         .NumberProcessors = nr_cpus,
    271         .BugcheckCode = LIVE_SYSTEM_DUMP,
    272         .KdDebuggerDataBlock = KdDebuggerDataBlock,
    273         .DumpType = 1,
    274         .Comment = "Hello from elf2dmp!",
    275         .SuiteMask = *suite_mask,
    276         .ProductType = *product_type,
    277         .SecondaryDataState = kvb.KdSecondaryVersion,
    278         .PhysicalMemoryBlock = (WinDumpPhyMemDesc64) {
    279             .NumberOfRuns = ps->block_nr,
    280         },
    281         .RequiredDumpSpace = sizeof(h),
    282     };
    283 
    284     for (i = 0; i < ps->block_nr; i++) {
    285         h.PhysicalMemoryBlock.NumberOfPages += ps->block[i].size / ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE;
    286         h.PhysicalMemoryBlock.Run[i] = (WinDumpPhyMemRun64) {
    287             .BasePage = ps->block[i].paddr / ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE,
    288             .PageCount = ps->block[i].size / ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE,
    289         };
    290     }
    291 
    292     h.RequiredDumpSpace += h.PhysicalMemoryBlock.NumberOfPages << ELF2DMP_PAGE_BITS;
    293 
    294     *hdr = h;
    295 
    296     return 0;
    297 }
    298 
    299 static int fill_context(KDDEBUGGER_DATA64 *kdbg,
    300         struct va_space *vs, QEMU_Elf *qe)
    301 {
    302         int i;
    303     for (i = 0; i < qe->state_nr; i++) {
    304         uint64_t Prcb;
    305         uint64_t Context;
    306         WinContext64 ctx;
    307         QEMUCPUState *s = qe->state[i];
    308 
    309         if (va_space_rw(vs, kdbg->KiProcessorBlock + sizeof(Prcb) * i,
    310                     &Prcb, sizeof(Prcb), 0)) {
    311             eprintf("Failed to read CPU #%d PRCB location\n", i);
    312             return 1;
    313         }
    314 
    315         if (va_space_rw(vs, Prcb + kdbg->OffsetPrcbContext,
    316                     &Context, sizeof(Context), 0)) {
    317             eprintf("Failed to read CPU #%d ContextFrame location\n", i);
    318             return 1;
    319         }
    320 
    321         printf("Filling context for CPU #%d...\n", i);
    322         win_context_init_from_qemu_cpu_state(&ctx, s);
    323 
    324         if (va_space_rw(vs, Context, &ctx, sizeof(ctx), 1)) {
    325             eprintf("Failed to fill CPU #%d context\n", i);
    326             return 1;
    327         }
    328     }
    329 
    330     return 0;
    331 }
    332 
    333 static int write_dump(struct pa_space *ps,
    334         WinDumpHeader64 *hdr, const char *name)
    335 {
    336     FILE *dmp_file = fopen(name, "wb");
    337     size_t i;
    338 
    339     if (!dmp_file) {
    340         eprintf("Failed to open output file \'%s\'\n", name);
    341         return 1;
    342     }
    343 
    344     printf("Writing header to file...\n");
    345 
    346     if (fwrite(hdr, sizeof(*hdr), 1, dmp_file) != 1) {
    347         eprintf("Failed to write dump header\n");
    348         fclose(dmp_file);
    349         return 1;
    350     }
    351 
    352     for (i = 0; i < ps->block_nr; i++) {
    353         struct pa_block *b = &ps->block[i];
    354 
    355         printf("Writing block #%zu/%zu to file...\n", i, ps->block_nr);
    356         if (fwrite(b->addr, b->size, 1, dmp_file) != 1) {
    357             eprintf("Failed to write dump header\n");
    358             fclose(dmp_file);
    359             return 1;
    360         }
    361     }
    362 
    363     return fclose(dmp_file);
    364 }
    365 
    366 static int pe_get_pdb_symstore_hash(uint64_t base, void *start_addr,
    367         char *hash, struct va_space *vs)
    368 {
    369     const char e_magic[2] = "MZ";
    370     const char Signature[4] = "PE\0\0";
    371     const char sign_rsds[4] = "RSDS";
    372     IMAGE_DOS_HEADER *dos_hdr = start_addr;
    373     IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 nt_hdrs;
    374     IMAGE_FILE_HEADER *file_hdr = &nt_hdrs.FileHeader;
    375     IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64 *opt_hdr = &nt_hdrs.OptionalHeader;
    376     IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY *data_dir = nt_hdrs.OptionalHeader.DataDirectory;
    377     IMAGE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY debug_dir;
    378     OMFSignatureRSDS rsds;
    379     char *pdb_name;
    380     size_t pdb_name_sz;
    381     size_t i;
    382 
    383     QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(*dos_hdr) >= ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE);
    384 
    385     if (memcmp(&dos_hdr->e_magic, e_magic, sizeof(e_magic))) {
    386         return 1;
    387     }
    388 
    389     if (va_space_rw(vs, base + dos_hdr->e_lfanew,
    390                 &nt_hdrs, sizeof(nt_hdrs), 0)) {
    391         return 1;
    392     }
    393 
    394     if (memcmp(&nt_hdrs.Signature, Signature, sizeof(Signature)) ||
    395             file_hdr->Machine != 0x8664 || opt_hdr->Magic != 0x020b) {
    396         return 1;
    397     }
    398 
    399     printf("Debug Directory RVA = 0x%08"PRIx32"\n",
    400             (uint32_t)data_dir[IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY].VirtualAddress);
    401 
    402     if (va_space_rw(vs,
    403                 base + data_dir[IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_DIRECTORY].VirtualAddress,
    404                 &debug_dir, sizeof(debug_dir), 0)) {
    405         return 1;
    406     }
    407 
    408     if (debug_dir.Type != IMAGE_DEBUG_TYPE_CODEVIEW) {
    409         return 1;
    410     }
    411 
    412     if (va_space_rw(vs,
    413                 base + debug_dir.AddressOfRawData,
    414                 &rsds, sizeof(rsds), 0)) {
    415         return 1;
    416     }
    417 
    418     printf("CodeView signature is \'%.4s\'\n", rsds.Signature);
    419 
    420     if (memcmp(&rsds.Signature, sign_rsds, sizeof(sign_rsds))) {
    421         return 1;
    422     }
    423 
    424     pdb_name_sz = debug_dir.SizeOfData - sizeof(rsds);
    425     pdb_name = malloc(pdb_name_sz);
    426     if (!pdb_name) {
    427         return 1;
    428     }
    429 
    430     if (va_space_rw(vs, base + debug_dir.AddressOfRawData +
    431                 offsetof(OMFSignatureRSDS, name), pdb_name, pdb_name_sz, 0)) {
    432         free(pdb_name);
    433         return 1;
    434     }
    435 
    436     printf("PDB name is \'%s\', \'%s\' expected\n", pdb_name, PDB_NAME);
    437 
    438     if (strcmp(pdb_name, PDB_NAME)) {
    439         eprintf("Unexpected PDB name, it seems the kernel isn't found\n");
    440         free(pdb_name);
    441         return 1;
    442     }
    443 
    444     free(pdb_name);
    445 
    446     sprintf(hash, "%.08x%.04x%.04x%.02x%.02x", rsds.guid.a, rsds.guid.b,
    447             rsds.guid.c, rsds.guid.d[0], rsds.guid.d[1]);
    448     hash += 20;
    449     for (i = 0; i < 6; i++, hash += 2) {
    450         sprintf(hash, "%.02x", rsds.guid.e[i]);
    451     }
    452 
    453     sprintf(hash, "%.01x", rsds.age);
    454 
    455     return 0;
    456 }
    457 
    458 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    459 {
    460     int err = 0;
    461     QEMU_Elf qemu_elf;
    462     struct pa_space ps;
    463     struct va_space vs;
    464     QEMUCPUState *state;
    465     idt_desc_t first_idt_desc;
    466     uint64_t KernBase;
    467     void *nt_start_addr = NULL;
    468     WinDumpHeader64 header;
    469     char pdb_hash[34];
    470     char pdb_url[] = SYM_URL_BASE PDB_NAME
    471         "/0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEFx/" PDB_NAME;
    472     struct pdb_reader pdb;
    473     uint64_t KdDebuggerDataBlock;
    474     KDDEBUGGER_DATA64 *kdbg;
    475     uint64_t KdVersionBlock;
    476 
    477     if (argc != 3) {
    478         eprintf("usage:\n\t%s elf_file dmp_file\n", argv[0]);
    479         return 1;
    480     }
    481 
    482     if (QEMU_Elf_init(&qemu_elf, argv[1])) {
    483         eprintf("Failed to initialize QEMU ELF dump\n");
    484         return 1;
    485     }
    486 
    487     if (pa_space_create(&ps, &qemu_elf)) {
    488         eprintf("Failed to initialize physical address space\n");
    489         err = 1;
    490         goto out_elf;
    491     }
    492 
    493     state = qemu_elf.state[0];
    494     printf("CPU #0 CR3 is 0x%016"PRIx64"\n", state->cr[3]);
    495 
    496     va_space_create(&vs, &ps, state->cr[3]);
    497     if (fix_dtb(&vs, &qemu_elf)) {
    498         eprintf("Failed to find paging base\n");
    499         err = 1;
    500         goto out_elf;
    501     }
    502 
    503     printf("CPU #0 IDT is at 0x%016"PRIx64"\n", state->idt.base);
    504 
    505     if (va_space_rw(&vs, state->idt.base,
    506                 &first_idt_desc, sizeof(first_idt_desc), 0)) {
    507         eprintf("Failed to get CPU #0 IDT[0]\n");
    508         err = 1;
    509         goto out_ps;
    510     }
    511     printf("CPU #0 IDT[0] -> 0x%016"PRIx64"\n", idt_desc_addr(first_idt_desc));
    512 
    513     KernBase = idt_desc_addr(first_idt_desc) & ~(ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE - 1);
    514     printf("Searching kernel downwards from 0x%016"PRIx64"...\n", KernBase);
    515 
    516     for (; KernBase >= 0xfffff78000000000; KernBase -= ELF2DMP_PAGE_SIZE) {
    517         nt_start_addr = va_space_resolve(&vs, KernBase);
    518         if (!nt_start_addr) {
    519             continue;
    520         }
    521 
    522         if (*(uint16_t *)nt_start_addr == 0x5a4d) { /* MZ */
    523             break;
    524         }
    525     }
    526 
    527     if (!nt_start_addr) {
    528         eprintf("Failed to find NT kernel image\n");
    529         err = 1;
    530         goto out_ps;
    531     }
    532 
    533     printf("KernBase = 0x%016"PRIx64", signature is \'%.2s\'\n", KernBase,
    534             (char *)nt_start_addr);
    535 
    536     if (pe_get_pdb_symstore_hash(KernBase, nt_start_addr, pdb_hash, &vs)) {
    537         eprintf("Failed to get PDB symbol store hash\n");
    538         err = 1;
    539         goto out_ps;
    540     }
    541 
    542     sprintf(pdb_url, "%s%s/%s/%s", SYM_URL_BASE, PDB_NAME, pdb_hash, PDB_NAME);
    543     printf("PDB URL is %s\n", pdb_url);
    544 
    545     if (download_url(PDB_NAME, pdb_url)) {
    546         eprintf("Failed to download PDB file\n");
    547         err = 1;
    548         goto out_ps;
    549     }
    550 
    551     if (pdb_init_from_file(PDB_NAME, &pdb)) {
    552         eprintf("Failed to initialize PDB reader\n");
    553         err = 1;
    554         goto out_pdb_file;
    555     }
    556 
    557     if (!SYM_RESOLVE(KernBase, &pdb, KdDebuggerDataBlock) ||
    558             !SYM_RESOLVE(KernBase, &pdb, KdVersionBlock)) {
    559         err = 1;
    560         goto out_pdb;
    561     }
    562 
    563     kdbg = get_kdbg(KernBase, &pdb, &vs, KdDebuggerDataBlock);
    564     if (!kdbg) {
    565         err = 1;
    566         goto out_pdb;
    567     }
    568 
    569     if (fill_header(&header, &ps, &vs, KdDebuggerDataBlock, kdbg,
    570             KdVersionBlock, qemu_elf.state_nr)) {
    571         err = 1;
    572         goto out_kdbg;
    573     }
    574 
    575     if (fill_context(kdbg, &vs, &qemu_elf)) {
    576         err = 1;
    577         goto out_kdbg;
    578     }
    579 
    580     if (write_dump(&ps, &header, argv[2])) {
    581         eprintf("Failed to save dump\n");
    582         err = 1;
    583         goto out_kdbg;
    584     }
    585 
    586 out_kdbg:
    587     free(kdbg);
    588 out_pdb:
    589     pdb_exit(&pdb);
    590 out_pdb_file:
    591     unlink(PDB_NAME);
    592 out_ps:
    593     pa_space_destroy(&ps);
    594 out_elf:
    595     QEMU_Elf_exit(&qemu_elf);
    596 
    597     return err;
    598 }