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sysinfo.cc (19761B)


      1 // Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
      2 //
      3 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
      4 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
      5 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
      6 //
      7 //     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
      8 //
      9 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     10 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     11 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     12 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     13 // limitations under the License.
     14 
     15 #include "internal_macros.h"
     16 
     17 #ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
     18 #include <shlwapi.h>
     19 #undef StrCat  // Don't let StrCat in string_util.h be renamed to lstrcatA
     20 #include <versionhelpers.h>
     21 #include <windows.h>
     22 #include <codecvt>
     23 #else
     24 #include <fcntl.h>
     25 #ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA
     26 #include <sys/resource.h>
     27 #endif
     28 #include <sys/time.h>
     29 #include <sys/types.h>  // this header must be included before 'sys/sysctl.h' to avoid compilation error on FreeBSD
     30 #include <unistd.h>
     31 #if defined BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD || defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX || \
     32     defined BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD || defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD
     33 #define BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL
     34 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
     35 #endif
     36 #endif
     37 #if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS)
     38 #include <kstat.h>
     39 #endif
     40 
     41 #include <algorithm>
     42 #include <array>
     43 #include <bitset>
     44 #include <cerrno>
     45 #include <climits>
     46 #include <cstdint>
     47 #include <cstdio>
     48 #include <cstdlib>
     49 #include <cstring>
     50 #include <fstream>
     51 #include <iostream>
     52 #include <iterator>
     53 #include <limits>
     54 #include <memory>
     55 #include <sstream>
     56 #include <locale>
     57 
     58 #include "check.h"
     59 #include "cycleclock.h"
     60 #include "internal_macros.h"
     61 #include "log.h"
     62 #include "sleep.h"
     63 #include "string_util.h"
     64 
     65 namespace benchmark {
     66 namespace {
     67 
     68 void PrintImp(std::ostream& out) { out << std::endl; }
     69 
     70 template <class First, class... Rest>
     71 void PrintImp(std::ostream& out, First&& f, Rest&&... rest) {
     72   out << std::forward<First>(f);
     73   PrintImp(out, std::forward<Rest>(rest)...);
     74 }
     75 
     76 template <class... Args>
     77 BENCHMARK_NORETURN void PrintErrorAndDie(Args&&... args) {
     78   PrintImp(std::cerr, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
     79   std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     80 }
     81 
     82 #ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL
     83 
     84 /// ValueUnion - A type used to correctly alias the byte-for-byte output of
     85 /// `sysctl` with the result type it's to be interpreted as.
     86 struct ValueUnion {
     87   union DataT {
     88     uint32_t uint32_value;
     89     uint64_t uint64_value;
     90     // For correct aliasing of union members from bytes.
     91     char bytes[8];
     92   };
     93   using DataPtr = std::unique_ptr<DataT, decltype(&std::free)>;
     94 
     95   // The size of the data union member + its trailing array size.
     96   size_t Size;
     97   DataPtr Buff;
     98 
     99  public:
    100   ValueUnion() : Size(0), Buff(nullptr, &std::free) {}
    101 
    102   explicit ValueUnion(size_t BuffSize)
    103       : Size(sizeof(DataT) + BuffSize),
    104         Buff(::new (std::malloc(Size)) DataT(), &std::free) {}
    105 
    106   ValueUnion(ValueUnion&& other) = default;
    107 
    108   explicit operator bool() const { return bool(Buff); }
    109 
    110   char* data() const { return Buff->bytes; }
    111 
    112   std::string GetAsString() const { return std::string(data()); }
    113 
    114   int64_t GetAsInteger() const {
    115     if (Size == sizeof(Buff->uint32_value))
    116       return static_cast<int32_t>(Buff->uint32_value);
    117     else if (Size == sizeof(Buff->uint64_value))
    118       return static_cast<int64_t>(Buff->uint64_value);
    119     BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE();
    120   }
    121 
    122   uint64_t GetAsUnsigned() const {
    123     if (Size == sizeof(Buff->uint32_value))
    124       return Buff->uint32_value;
    125     else if (Size == sizeof(Buff->uint64_value))
    126       return Buff->uint64_value;
    127     BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE();
    128   }
    129 
    130   template <class T, int N>
    131   std::array<T, N> GetAsArray() {
    132     const int ArrSize = sizeof(T) * N;
    133     CHECK_LE(ArrSize, Size);
    134     std::array<T, N> Arr;
    135     std::memcpy(Arr.data(), data(), ArrSize);
    136     return Arr;
    137   }
    138 };
    139 
    140 ValueUnion GetSysctlImp(std::string const& Name) {
    141 #if defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD
    142   int mib[2];
    143 
    144   mib[0] = CTL_HW;
    145   if ((Name == "hw.ncpu") || (Name == "hw.cpuspeed")){
    146     ValueUnion buff(sizeof(int));
    147 
    148     if (Name == "hw.ncpu") {
    149       mib[1] = HW_NCPU;
    150     } else {
    151       mib[1] = HW_CPUSPEED;
    152     }
    153 
    154     if (sysctl(mib, 2, buff.data(), &buff.Size, nullptr, 0) == -1) {
    155       return ValueUnion();
    156     }
    157     return buff;
    158   }
    159   return ValueUnion();
    160 #else
    161   size_t CurBuffSize = 0;
    162   if (sysctlbyname(Name.c_str(), nullptr, &CurBuffSize, nullptr, 0) == -1)
    163     return ValueUnion();
    164 
    165   ValueUnion buff(CurBuffSize);
    166   if (sysctlbyname(Name.c_str(), buff.data(), &buff.Size, nullptr, 0) == 0)
    167     return buff;
    168   return ValueUnion();
    169 #endif
    170 }
    171 
    172 BENCHMARK_MAYBE_UNUSED
    173 bool GetSysctl(std::string const& Name, std::string* Out) {
    174   Out->clear();
    175   auto Buff = GetSysctlImp(Name);
    176   if (!Buff) return false;
    177   Out->assign(Buff.data());
    178   return true;
    179 }
    180 
    181 template <class Tp,
    182           class = typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<Tp>::value>::type>
    183 bool GetSysctl(std::string const& Name, Tp* Out) {
    184   *Out = 0;
    185   auto Buff = GetSysctlImp(Name);
    186   if (!Buff) return false;
    187   *Out = static_cast<Tp>(Buff.GetAsUnsigned());
    188   return true;
    189 }
    190 
    191 template <class Tp, size_t N>
    192 bool GetSysctl(std::string const& Name, std::array<Tp, N>* Out) {
    193   auto Buff = GetSysctlImp(Name);
    194   if (!Buff) return false;
    195   *Out = Buff.GetAsArray<Tp, N>();
    196   return true;
    197 }
    198 #endif
    199 
    200 template <class ArgT>
    201 bool ReadFromFile(std::string const& fname, ArgT* arg) {
    202   *arg = ArgT();
    203   std::ifstream f(fname.c_str());
    204   if (!f.is_open()) return false;
    205   f >> *arg;
    206   return f.good();
    207 }
    208 
    209 bool CpuScalingEnabled(int num_cpus) {
    210   // We don't have a valid CPU count, so don't even bother.
    211   if (num_cpus <= 0) return false;
    212 #ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
    213   // On Linux, the CPUfreq subsystem exposes CPU information as files on the
    214   // local file system. If reading the exported files fails, then we may not be
    215   // running on Linux, so we silently ignore all the read errors.
    216   std::string res;
    217   for (int cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpus; ++cpu) {
    218     std::string governor_file =
    219         StrCat("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu", cpu, "/cpufreq/scaling_governor");
    220     if (ReadFromFile(governor_file, &res) && res != "performance") return true;
    221   }
    222 #endif
    223   return false;
    224 }
    225 
    226 int CountSetBitsInCPUMap(std::string Val) {
    227   auto CountBits = [](std::string Part) {
    228     using CPUMask = std::bitset<sizeof(std::uintptr_t) * CHAR_BIT>;
    229     Part = "0x" + Part;
    230     CPUMask Mask(benchmark::stoul(Part, nullptr, 16));
    231     return static_cast<int>(Mask.count());
    232   };
    233   size_t Pos;
    234   int total = 0;
    235   while ((Pos = Val.find(',')) != std::string::npos) {
    236     total += CountBits(Val.substr(0, Pos));
    237     Val = Val.substr(Pos + 1);
    238   }
    239   if (!Val.empty()) {
    240     total += CountBits(Val);
    241   }
    242   return total;
    243 }
    244 
    245 BENCHMARK_MAYBE_UNUSED
    246 std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> GetCacheSizesFromKVFS() {
    247   std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> res;
    248   std::string dir = "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cache/";
    249   int Idx = 0;
    250   while (true) {
    251     CPUInfo::CacheInfo info;
    252     std::string FPath = StrCat(dir, "index", Idx++, "/");
    253     std::ifstream f(StrCat(FPath, "size").c_str());
    254     if (!f.is_open()) break;
    255     std::string suffix;
    256     f >> info.size;
    257     if (f.fail())
    258       PrintErrorAndDie("Failed while reading file '", FPath, "size'");
    259     if (f.good()) {
    260       f >> suffix;
    261       if (f.bad())
    262         PrintErrorAndDie(
    263             "Invalid cache size format: failed to read size suffix");
    264       else if (f && suffix != "K")
    265         PrintErrorAndDie("Invalid cache size format: Expected bytes ", suffix);
    266       else if (suffix == "K")
    267         info.size *= 1000;
    268     }
    269     if (!ReadFromFile(StrCat(FPath, "type"), &info.type))
    270       PrintErrorAndDie("Failed to read from file ", FPath, "type");
    271     if (!ReadFromFile(StrCat(FPath, "level"), &info.level))
    272       PrintErrorAndDie("Failed to read from file ", FPath, "level");
    273     std::string map_str;
    274     if (!ReadFromFile(StrCat(FPath, "shared_cpu_map"), &map_str))
    275       PrintErrorAndDie("Failed to read from file ", FPath, "shared_cpu_map");
    276     info.num_sharing = CountSetBitsInCPUMap(map_str);
    277     res.push_back(info);
    278   }
    279 
    280   return res;
    281 }
    282 
    283 #ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX
    284 std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> GetCacheSizesMacOSX() {
    285   std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> res;
    286   std::array<uint64_t, 4> CacheCounts{{0, 0, 0, 0}};
    287   GetSysctl("hw.cacheconfig", &CacheCounts);
    288 
    289   struct {
    290     std::string name;
    291     std::string type;
    292     int level;
    293     uint64_t num_sharing;
    294   } Cases[] = {{"hw.l1dcachesize", "Data", 1, CacheCounts[1]},
    295                {"hw.l1icachesize", "Instruction", 1, CacheCounts[1]},
    296                {"hw.l2cachesize", "Unified", 2, CacheCounts[2]},
    297                {"hw.l3cachesize", "Unified", 3, CacheCounts[3]}};
    298   for (auto& C : Cases) {
    299     int val;
    300     if (!GetSysctl(C.name, &val)) continue;
    301     CPUInfo::CacheInfo info;
    302     info.type = C.type;
    303     info.level = C.level;
    304     info.size = val;
    305     info.num_sharing = static_cast<int>(C.num_sharing);
    306     res.push_back(std::move(info));
    307   }
    308   return res;
    309 }
    310 #elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
    311 std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> GetCacheSizesWindows() {
    312   std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> res;
    313   DWORD buffer_size = 0;
    314   using PInfo = SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION;
    315   using CInfo = CACHE_DESCRIPTOR;
    316 
    317   using UPtr = std::unique_ptr<PInfo, decltype(&std::free)>;
    318   GetLogicalProcessorInformation(nullptr, &buffer_size);
    319   UPtr buff((PInfo*)malloc(buffer_size), &std::free);
    320   if (!GetLogicalProcessorInformation(buff.get(), &buffer_size))
    321     PrintErrorAndDie("Failed during call to GetLogicalProcessorInformation: ",
    322                      GetLastError());
    323 
    324   PInfo* it = buff.get();
    325   PInfo* end = buff.get() + (buffer_size / sizeof(PInfo));
    326 
    327   for (; it != end; ++it) {
    328     if (it->Relationship != RelationCache) continue;
    329     using BitSet = std::bitset<sizeof(ULONG_PTR) * CHAR_BIT>;
    330     BitSet B(it->ProcessorMask);
    331     // To prevent duplicates, only consider caches where CPU 0 is specified
    332     if (!B.test(0)) continue;
    333     CInfo* Cache = &it->Cache;
    334     CPUInfo::CacheInfo C;
    335     C.num_sharing = static_cast<int>(B.count());
    336     C.level = Cache->Level;
    337     C.size = Cache->Size;
    338     switch (Cache->Type) {
    339       case CacheUnified:
    340         C.type = "Unified";
    341         break;
    342       case CacheInstruction:
    343         C.type = "Instruction";
    344         break;
    345       case CacheData:
    346         C.type = "Data";
    347         break;
    348       case CacheTrace:
    349         C.type = "Trace";
    350         break;
    351       default:
    352         C.type = "Unknown";
    353         break;
    354     }
    355     res.push_back(C);
    356   }
    357   return res;
    358 }
    359 #endif
    360 
    361 std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> GetCacheSizes() {
    362 #ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX
    363   return GetCacheSizesMacOSX();
    364 #elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
    365   return GetCacheSizesWindows();
    366 #else
    367   return GetCacheSizesFromKVFS();
    368 #endif
    369 }
    370 
    371 std::string GetSystemName() {
    372 #if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
    373   std::string str;
    374   const unsigned COUNT = MAX_COMPUTERNAME_LENGTH+1;
    375   TCHAR  hostname[COUNT] = {'\0'};
    376   DWORD DWCOUNT = COUNT;
    377   if (!GetComputerName(hostname, &DWCOUNT))
    378     return std::string("");
    379 #ifndef UNICODE
    380   str = std::string(hostname, DWCOUNT);
    381 #else
    382   //Using wstring_convert, Is deprecated in C++17
    383   using convert_type = std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>;
    384   std::wstring_convert<convert_type, wchar_t> converter;
    385   std::wstring wStr(hostname, DWCOUNT);
    386   str = converter.to_bytes(wStr);
    387 #endif
    388   return str;
    389 #else // defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
    390 #ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX //Mac Doesnt have HOST_NAME_MAX defined
    391 #define HOST_NAME_MAX 64
    392 #endif
    393   char hostname[HOST_NAME_MAX];
    394   int retVal = gethostname(hostname, HOST_NAME_MAX);
    395   if (retVal != 0) return std::string("");
    396   return std::string(hostname);
    397 #endif // Catch-all POSIX block.
    398 }
    399 
    400 int GetNumCPUs() {
    401 #ifdef BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL
    402   int NumCPU = -1;
    403   if (GetSysctl("hw.ncpu", &NumCPU)) return NumCPU;
    404   fprintf(stderr, "Err: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    405   std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    406 #elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS)
    407   SYSTEM_INFO sysinfo;
    408   // Use memset as opposed to = {} to avoid GCC missing initializer false
    409   // positives.
    410   std::memset(&sysinfo, 0, sizeof(SYSTEM_INFO));
    411   GetSystemInfo(&sysinfo);
    412   return sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;  // number of logical
    413                                         // processors in the current
    414                                         // group
    415 #elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS)
    416   // Returns -1 in case of a failure.
    417   int NumCPU = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
    418   if (NumCPU < 0) {
    419     fprintf(stderr,
    420             "sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) failed with error: %s\n",
    421             strerror(errno));
    422   }
    423   return NumCPU;
    424 #else
    425   int NumCPUs = 0;
    426   int MaxID = -1;
    427   std::ifstream f("/proc/cpuinfo");
    428   if (!f.is_open()) {
    429     std::cerr << "failed to open /proc/cpuinfo\n";
    430     return -1;
    431   }
    432   const std::string Key = "processor";
    433   std::string ln;
    434   while (std::getline(f, ln)) {
    435     if (ln.empty()) continue;
    436     size_t SplitIdx = ln.find(':');
    437     std::string value;
    438 #if defined(__s390__)
    439     // s390 has another format in /proc/cpuinfo
    440     // it needs to be parsed differently
    441     if (SplitIdx != std::string::npos) value = ln.substr(Key.size()+1,SplitIdx-Key.size()-1);
    442 #else
    443     if (SplitIdx != std::string::npos) value = ln.substr(SplitIdx + 1);
    444 #endif
    445     if (ln.size() >= Key.size() && ln.compare(0, Key.size(), Key) == 0) {
    446       NumCPUs++;
    447       if (!value.empty()) {
    448         int CurID = benchmark::stoi(value);
    449         MaxID = std::max(CurID, MaxID);
    450       }
    451     }
    452   }
    453   if (f.bad()) {
    454     std::cerr << "Failure reading /proc/cpuinfo\n";
    455     return -1;
    456   }
    457   if (!f.eof()) {
    458     std::cerr << "Failed to read to end of /proc/cpuinfo\n";
    459     return -1;
    460   }
    461   f.close();
    462 
    463   if ((MaxID + 1) != NumCPUs) {
    464     fprintf(stderr,
    465             "CPU ID assignments in /proc/cpuinfo seem messed up."
    466             " This is usually caused by a bad BIOS.\n");
    467   }
    468   return NumCPUs;
    469 #endif
    470   BENCHMARK_UNREACHABLE();
    471 }
    472 
    473 double GetCPUCyclesPerSecond() {
    474 #if defined BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX || defined BENCHMARK_OS_CYGWIN
    475   long freq;
    476 
    477   // If the kernel is exporting the tsc frequency use that. There are issues
    478   // where cpuinfo_max_freq cannot be relied on because the BIOS may be
    479   // exporintg an invalid p-state (on x86) or p-states may be used to put the
    480   // processor in a new mode (turbo mode). Essentially, those frequencies
    481   // cannot always be relied upon. The same reasons apply to /proc/cpuinfo as
    482   // well.
    483   if (ReadFromFile("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/tsc_freq_khz", &freq)
    484       // If CPU scaling is in effect, we want to use the *maximum* frequency,
    485       // not whatever CPU speed some random processor happens to be using now.
    486       || ReadFromFile("/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq",
    487                       &freq)) {
    488     // The value is in kHz (as the file name suggests).  For example, on a
    489     // 2GHz warpstation, the file contains the value "2000000".
    490     return freq * 1000.0;
    491   }
    492 
    493   const double error_value = -1;
    494   double bogo_clock = error_value;
    495 
    496   std::ifstream f("/proc/cpuinfo");
    497   if (!f.is_open()) {
    498     std::cerr << "failed to open /proc/cpuinfo\n";
    499     return error_value;
    500   }
    501 
    502   auto startsWithKey = [](std::string const& Value, std::string const& Key) {
    503     if (Key.size() > Value.size()) return false;
    504     auto Cmp = [&](char X, char Y) {
    505       return std::tolower(X) == std::tolower(Y);
    506     };
    507     return std::equal(Key.begin(), Key.end(), Value.begin(), Cmp);
    508   };
    509 
    510   std::string ln;
    511   while (std::getline(f, ln)) {
    512     if (ln.empty()) continue;
    513     size_t SplitIdx = ln.find(':');
    514     std::string value;
    515     if (SplitIdx != std::string::npos) value = ln.substr(SplitIdx + 1);
    516     // When parsing the "cpu MHz" and "bogomips" (fallback) entries, we only
    517     // accept positive values. Some environments (virtual machines) report zero,
    518     // which would cause infinite looping in WallTime_Init.
    519     if (startsWithKey(ln, "cpu MHz")) {
    520       if (!value.empty()) {
    521         double cycles_per_second = benchmark::stod(value) * 1000000.0;
    522         if (cycles_per_second > 0) return cycles_per_second;
    523       }
    524     } else if (startsWithKey(ln, "bogomips")) {
    525       if (!value.empty()) {
    526         bogo_clock = benchmark::stod(value) * 1000000.0;
    527         if (bogo_clock < 0.0) bogo_clock = error_value;
    528       }
    529     }
    530   }
    531   if (f.bad()) {
    532     std::cerr << "Failure reading /proc/cpuinfo\n";
    533     return error_value;
    534   }
    535   if (!f.eof()) {
    536     std::cerr << "Failed to read to end of /proc/cpuinfo\n";
    537     return error_value;
    538   }
    539   f.close();
    540   // If we found the bogomips clock, but nothing better, we'll use it (but
    541   // we're not happy about it); otherwise, fallback to the rough estimation
    542   // below.
    543   if (bogo_clock >= 0.0) return bogo_clock;
    544 
    545 #elif defined BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL
    546   constexpr auto* FreqStr =
    547 #if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD) || defined(BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD)
    548       "machdep.tsc_freq";
    549 #elif defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD
    550       "hw.cpuspeed";
    551 #else
    552       "hw.cpufrequency";
    553 #endif
    554   unsigned long long hz = 0;
    555 #if defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD
    556   if (GetSysctl(FreqStr, &hz)) return hz * 1000000;
    557 #else
    558   if (GetSysctl(FreqStr, &hz)) return hz;
    559 #endif
    560   fprintf(stderr, "Unable to determine clock rate from sysctl: %s: %s\n",
    561           FreqStr, strerror(errno));
    562 
    563 #elif defined BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
    564   // In NT, read MHz from the registry. If we fail to do so or we're in win9x
    565   // then make a crude estimate.
    566   DWORD data, data_size = sizeof(data);
    567   if (IsWindowsXPOrGreater() &&
    568       SUCCEEDED(
    569           SHGetValueA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
    570                       "HARDWARE\\DESCRIPTION\\System\\CentralProcessor\\0",
    571                       "~MHz", nullptr, &data, &data_size)))
    572     return static_cast<double>((int64_t)data *
    573                                (int64_t)(1000 * 1000));  // was mhz
    574 #elif defined (BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS)
    575   kstat_ctl_t *kc = kstat_open();
    576   if (!kc) {
    577     std::cerr << "failed to open /dev/kstat\n";
    578     return -1;
    579   }
    580   kstat_t *ksp = kstat_lookup(kc, (char*)"cpu_info", -1, (char*)"cpu_info0");
    581   if (!ksp) {
    582     std::cerr << "failed to lookup in /dev/kstat\n";
    583     return -1;
    584   }
    585   if (kstat_read(kc, ksp, NULL) < 0) {
    586     std::cerr << "failed to read from /dev/kstat\n";
    587     return -1;
    588   }
    589   kstat_named_t *knp =
    590       (kstat_named_t*)kstat_data_lookup(ksp, (char*)"current_clock_Hz");
    591   if (!knp) {
    592     std::cerr << "failed to lookup data in /dev/kstat\n";
    593     return -1;
    594   }
    595   if (knp->data_type != KSTAT_DATA_UINT64) {
    596     std::cerr << "current_clock_Hz is of unexpected data type: "
    597               << knp->data_type << "\n";
    598     return -1;
    599   }
    600   double clock_hz = knp->value.ui64;
    601   kstat_close(kc);
    602   return clock_hz;
    603 #endif
    604   // If we've fallen through, attempt to roughly estimate the CPU clock rate.
    605   const int estimate_time_ms = 1000;
    606   const auto start_ticks = cycleclock::Now();
    607   SleepForMilliseconds(estimate_time_ms);
    608   return static_cast<double>(cycleclock::Now() - start_ticks);
    609 }
    610 
    611 std::vector<double> GetLoadAvg() {
    612 #if defined BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD || defined(BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX) || \
    613     defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX || defined BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD ||  \
    614     defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD
    615   constexpr int kMaxSamples = 3;
    616   std::vector<double> res(kMaxSamples, 0.0);
    617   const int nelem = getloadavg(res.data(), kMaxSamples);
    618   if (nelem < 1) {
    619     res.clear();
    620   } else {
    621     res.resize(nelem);
    622   }
    623   return res;
    624 #else
    625   return {};
    626 #endif
    627 }
    628 
    629 }  // end namespace
    630 
    631 const CPUInfo& CPUInfo::Get() {
    632   static const CPUInfo* info = new CPUInfo();
    633   return *info;
    634 }
    635 
    636 CPUInfo::CPUInfo()
    637     : num_cpus(GetNumCPUs()),
    638       cycles_per_second(GetCPUCyclesPerSecond()),
    639       caches(GetCacheSizes()),
    640       scaling_enabled(CpuScalingEnabled(num_cpus)),
    641       load_avg(GetLoadAvg()) {}
    642 
    643 
    644 const SystemInfo& SystemInfo::Get() {
    645   static const SystemInfo* info = new SystemInfo();
    646   return *info;
    647 }
    648 
    649 SystemInfo::SystemInfo() : name(GetSystemName()) {}
    650 }  // end namespace benchmark